大學英語閱讀理解範文
大學英語六級模擬試題：閱讀訓練
The History of Chinese Americans
Chinese have been in the United States for almost two hundred years. In fact. the Chinese had business relations with Hawaii prior to relations with the mainland when Hawaii was not yet part of the United States. But United States investments controlled the capital of Hawaii at that time. In 1788,a ship sailed from Guangzhou to Hawaii. Most of the crewmen were Chinese. They were considered the pioneers of Hawaii. The Immigration Commission reported that the first Chinese arrived in the United States in 1820. eight in 1830 and seven hundred and eighty in 1850. The Chinese population graally increased and reached 64,199 in 1870.
For many years it was common in the United States to associate Chinese Americans with restaurants and laundries. People did not realize that the Chinese had been driven into these occupations by the prejudice and discrimination that faced them in this country.
The First Chinese to reach the mainland United States came ring the California Gold Rush of 1849. Like most of the other people there, they had come to search for gold. In that largely unoccupied land,the men staked a claim for themselves by placing markers in the ground. However. either because the Chinese were so different from the others or because they worked so patiently that they sometimes succeeded in turning a seemingly worthless mining claim into a profitable one, they became che scapegoats of their envious competitors. They were harassed in many ways. Often they were prevented from working their claims; some localities even passed regulations forbidding them to own claims. The Chinese therefore started to seek out other ways of earning a living. Some of them began to do che laundry for the white miners; others set up small restaurants. (There were almost no women in California in those days,and the Chinese filled a real need by doing this“woman's work”.) Some went to work as farmhands or as fishermen.
In the early 1860's many more Chincse arrived in California.This time the men were imported as work crews to construct the first transcontinental railroad.They were sorely needed because the work was so strenuous and dangerous, and it was carried on in such a remote part of the country that the railroad company could not find other laborers for the job. As in the case of their predecessors,these Chinese were almost all males; and like them, too, they encountered a great deal of prejudice. The hostility grew especially strong afrer the railroad project was complete, and the imported laborers returned to California-thousands of them, all out of work. Because there were so many more of them this time,these Chinese drew even more attention than the earlier group did. They were so very different in every respect: in their physical appearance, including a long“pigtail”at the back of their otherwise shaved heads; in the strange, non-Western clothes they wore; in their speech (few had learned English since they planned to go back to China); and in their religion. They were contemptuously called “heathen Chinese” because there were many sacred images in their houses of worship.
When times were hard. they were blamed for working for lower wages and taking jobs away from white men. who were in many cases recent immigrants themselves. Anti-Chinese riots broke out in several cities. culminating in arson and bloodshed. Chinese were barred from using the courts and also from becoming American citizens. Californians began to demand that no more Chinese be permitted to enter their state. Finally. in 1882. they persuaded Congress to pass the Chinese Exclusion Act, which stopped the immigration of Chinese laborers. Many Chinese rerurned to their homeland, and their numbers declined sharply in the early part of this century. However. ring the World War II,when China was an ally of the United States. the Exclusion laws were ended; a small number of Chinese were allowed to immigrate each year, and Chinese could become American citizens. In 1965, in a general revision of our immigration laws,may more Chinese were permitted to settle here,as discrimination against Asian immigration was abolished.
From the start,the Chinese had lived apart in their own separate neighborhoods, which came to be known as “Chinatowns”. In each of them the residents organized an unofficial government to make rules for the community and to settle disputes. Unable to find jobs on the outside, many went into business for themselves-primarily to serve their own neighborhood. As for laundries and restaurants. some of them soon spread to other parts of the city,since such services continued to be in demand among non-Chinese, too. To this day. certain Chinatowns. especially those of San Francisco and New York. are busy. thriving communities, which have become great attractions for tourists and for those who enjoy Chinese food.
Most of today's Chincse Americans are the descendants of some of the early miners and railroad workers. Those immigrants had come from the vicinity of Canton in Southeast China. where they had been unecated farm laborers.The same kind of young men,from the same area and from similar humble origins,migrated to Hawaii in those days. There they fared far better, mainly because they did not encounter hostility. Some married native Hawaiians, and other brought their wives and children over. They were not restricted to Chinatown and many of them soon became successful merchants and active participants in general community affairs.
Chinese Americans retain many aspects of their ancient culture. even after having lived here for several generations. For Example, their family ties continue to be remarkably scrong (encompassing grandparents. uncles, aunts, cousins. and others). Members of the family lend each other moral support and also practical help when necessary. From a very young age children are imbued with the old values and attitudes. including respect for their elders and a feeling of responsibility to the family. This helps co explain why there is so little juvenile delinquency (少年犯罪 ) among them.
The high regard for ecation which is deeply imbedded in Chinese culture.and the willingness to work very hard to gain advancement, are other noteworthy characteristics of theirs. This explains why so many descendants of unecated laborers have succeeded in becoming doctors. lawyers, and other professionals.(Many of the most outstanding Chinese American scholars,scientists, and artists are more recent arrivals, who come from China's former upper class and who represent its high cultural traditions.)
Chinese Americans make up only a tiny fraction of our population; there are fewer than half a miilion, living chiefly in California. New York. and Hawaii. As American attitudes toward minorities and toward ethnic differences have changed in recent years, the long-reviled Chinese have gained wide acceptance. Today, they are generally admired for their many remarkable characteristics, and are often held up as an example worth following. And their numerous contributions to their adopted land are much appreciated.
【大學英語六級試題】
1.Most Chinese Americans worked in restaurants and laundries because of______________.
A)the skills they acquired at the motherland
B)local people's discrimination against them
C)their high employment rates
D)their comparatively high pay
2. During the California Gold Rush.restaurant and laundry were regarded as________________.
A)unprofitable work B)comfortable work
C)woman's work D)Chinese work
3. In the early l860's, more Chinese were shipped to California to work as________________.
A)gold miners B)railroad builders C)steelworkers D)farmhands
4.Few Chinese learned English at that time because_________________.
A)they seldom used Engiish in Chinatown
B)they were too old to learn a new tongue
C)they couldn't find good English teachers
D)they wouldn't stay in America for long
5.The Chinese Exclusion Act came to an end_________________.
A)by the California governor then B)after a massive bloodshed
C)ring WWII D)in 1965
6.One of the Chinatowns as a busy and thriving community now is located in________________.
A)Florida B)Hawaii C)New Jersey D)New York
7. Chinese immigrants to Hawaii found that they________________.
A)were treated without discrimination
B)were provided with fewer job choices
C)couldn't travel to mainland America
D)could only live or work in Chinatown
8.The old values and attitudes imparted into the young Chinese Americans effectively help prevent_______________.
9.China's high cultural traditions are represented by the Chinese American_____________.
10.The contributions made by Chinese to America had gained much_____________.
更多關於大學英語六級考試的備考技巧，備考干貨，新聞資訊等內容，小編會持續更新。
B. 英語閱讀理解，求翻譯
The busy summer of Chinese swimming superstar Sun Yang was going on. After winning two gold medals at the London Olympics, Sun went back in the pool here at good for the Chinese National University Games and the National Swimming Championships. After the Nationals, Sun once again showed that he is one of the best swimmers in the world.
After coming home from the London Olympics, a member of China's top nuke chose to step luck and focus on secondary events at the National Championships. However , Sun Yang was not among them, Sun chose to complete in the 200m freestyle events and picked up his year gold in the 400.
Sun Yang's coach is swimming his training plan and his medical plan now. We know if there no more pleople to help him, it will nuke Sun Yang even one. Now, the National team is discussing how to build a perfect team.
And perfection is the goal for 21-year-old player, its takes aim at the 2016 Caltic in Ria，Sun Yang said, "I hope to make breakthrough in the 200m freestyle in the upcoming three or four battle . I don't have much practice at length, but I can still swim around 45 seconds. So I think I can make some improvements at the next Olympics."
中國游泳巨星孫楊忙碌的夏天發生了。在倫敦奧運會上奪得兩枚金牌後，太陽又在這里的游泳池在中國的大學運動會、全國游泳錦標賽好。在國民，太陽再一次展示了他是世界上最好的游泳運動員。
從倫敦奧運會回來後，中國頂級核成員選擇步運氣和二次事件集中在國家錦標賽。然而，孫楊不在其中，太陽選擇了在200米自由泳項目完成，拿起他的年金價在400。
孫楊的教練是自己的訓練計劃游泳和他的醫療計劃。我們知道，如果沒有更多的人來幫助他，會攻擊孫楊甚至一。現在，國家隊是討論如何建立一個完美的團隊。
和完善是21歲的球員的目標，其目的在2016 caltic RIA，孫楊說，「我希望在即將到來的三或四戰役200米自由泳的突破。我沒有在長度，多練習，但我仍然可以游45秒。所以我認為我能在下一屆奧運會上做了一些改進。」
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C. 新通用大學英語進階閱讀2翻譯
Unit 1
1. 許多人認為國際旅遊對經濟發展有積極作用。(proce … effect on)
Many people believe that international tourism proce positive effects on economic growth.
2. 高年級學生可以與新生一起分享他們的經歷：如何克服遇到的困難，如何適應新的環境。(adjust …to)
The senior and junior students could share their own experience about how to overcome the difficulty they have ever met, how to adjust to the new environment with the new students.
3. 該是有關當局採取適當的措施來解決交通問題的時候了。(It is time …, concerned, take steps)
It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.
4. 現在，越來越多的人認識到法制教育的重要性。(be aware that …, be of … )
Today an increasing number of people have been aware that law ecation is of great importance.
5. 應該鼓勵年輕人和他們的同齡人交往，發展他們的交際能力。 (communicate with… ) Young people should be encouraged to communicate with their peers and develop their interpersonal skills.
Unit 2
1. 據報道，有人設計出新型電腦游戲，不會對兒童行為有任何負面影響。（be reported that …, have … influence on …）
It is reported that new video games have been designed not to have negative influence on kids』 behavior in any way.
2. 當意識到所有現有的機器已被新的設計所取代時，校領導發起脾氣來。（lose one』s temper, be replaced with …）
The head of the school lost his temper when he realized that all the existing machine had been replaced with new designs.
3. 史蒂文聽說他對新項目的提議被當成荒謬之詞而遭到斷然否決，十分惱火。 （be upset to do …, be rejected as …）
Steve was very upset to hear that his proposal for the new project had been rejected as ridiculous.
4. 現代社會的孩子很難想像一個沒有電視和電腦的時代。（find it difficult to do …, conceive of）
The modern child finds it difficult to conceive of a time when there was no TV or Computer.
5. 面試官忘了問我現在老闆的名字，他好像對細節不大感興趣。（neglect to do …, be concerned with）
The interviewer neglected to ask about the name of my present boss; he seemed not to be concerned with the details.
Unit3
1. 由於這份工作提供良好的提升機會，我琢磨不透湯姆為什麼要辭掉它。(offer, promotion prospects, figure out )
As the job offers excellent promotion prospects, I can』t figure out why Tom quit it.
2. 我們已經向一個慈善組織提出申請，要求它為這個項目提供資助。(apply to … for …, grant )
We have applied to a charitable organization for a grant for the project.
3. 他的論文非常有助於我們對這個困難問題的了解。(enormously, contribute to )
His thesis has contributed enormously to our understanding of this difficult subject.
4. 毫無疑問許多國家將要參加2008年奧林匹克運動會。(there is no doubt, participate in )
There is no doubt that many countries will be participating in the Olympic Games in 2008.
5. 這家公司已經投資幾百萬美元編寫新的程序滿足發展需求。(invest, writing new programs, meet the requirements of…)
The company has invested millions of dollars in writing new programs to meet the requirements of the development.
Unit 4
1.在這種情況下約翰尼急切地抓住了難得的機會。 (jump at the chance)
In this case Johnny jumped at the rare chance to apply for the post.
2. 現在說是由於天氣關系才耽擱了航班還為時過早。(It is too early to say…)
It is too early to say that the weather is responsible for the delay of the flight.
3. 現代英語中許多詞彙來源於拉丁文。 (be derived from)
In modern English many words are derived from Latin.
4. 我們也許不能理解75%的女性下班後要繼續照顧孩子。 (It might not …)
It might not be understood that 75 percent of women have to take care of their kids after work.
5. 平均來說，我們每天要在電腦前工作十小時。(on average)
On average, we spend almost ten hours a day working with computer.
Unit 5
1.除了倫敦的公寓，傑克還在義大利有一座別墅，在蘇格蘭有一座城堡。（in addition to）
In addition to his flat in London, he has a villa in Italy and a castle in Scotland.
2. 他試圖和妻子開個玩笑，但得到的反應只是沉默。（attempt to, be received）
He attempted to make a joke with his wife, but it was received in silence.
3. 史密斯先生總是每天撥出些時間給孩子們讀故事。（set aside）
Mr. Smith always sets some time aside every day to read stories to his children.
4. 這實際上是一種朋友之間的交流，而不是吵架。（kind of, rather than）
It is really a kind of communication between friends, rather than a quarrel
5. 由於提前接受了訓練，因此他在最新的影片中的特技效果極為出色。（as a result of, special effect）
As a result of being trained in advance, the special effects in his latest film are brilliant.
Unit 6
1. 保護也適用於文化遺產，因此也包括有歷史意義的事物，比如古建築、古戰場、歷史傳
說等。(apply to, cultural heritage)
Conservation is also applied to cultural heritage, thus including things of historical importance, such as old buildings, battlefields and oral traditions.
2. 任何人無權侵犯「他人」權利以獲取自身利益，不管這個「他人」是人，還是動物。(violate one』s right, as a result of)
No one has a right to benefit as a result of violating another's rights, whether that "other" is a human being or some other animal.
3. 1998年12月11--13日，在雲南昆明召開了第三屆全國生物多樣性保護及可持續利用研討會。(biodiversity conservation, sustainable)
The Third National Seminar on Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Using was held in Kunming,Yunnan on December 11-13, 1998.
4. 很多電影明星對於自己的私生活受到公眾監視非常反感。(resent doing sth., under scrutiny)
Many film stars resent their private life being under public scrutiny.
5. 我們每天的事情很多，只有把最重要的優先安排才能保證有時間完成。(give priority to, ensure)
We have many things to do each day and we must give priority to those most important to ensure we have time for them.
Unit 7
1. 除了在大學的工作以外， Bob現在還在經營自己的公司。(in addition to)
Bob Trivisonno is now running his own research company—that is in addition to his job at the university.
2. 每天平均有650個讀者來到大英博物館閱覽室利用該館的100萬冊藏書。(repair to, an average of, draw upon)
An average of 650 readers daily repair to the British Museum Reading Room to draw upon a store of 100, 000 volumes.
3. 最讓我感興趣的事是Black先生的口音。這是哪裡的口音？(what fascinate…most) What fascinates me most is about Mr. Black accent. Where does it come from?
4. 這一地區的入室盜竊案件似有增無減。(to be on the increase) The number of burglaries in the area seems to be on the increase.
5. 今天我要把節食計劃置之腦後，想吃什麼就吃什麼。（inlge oneself）
I shall forget about dieting today. I am going to inlge myself, i.e. eat and drink what I like.
D. 畢業英語論文範文大全
在全球化時代,隨著國際交流日益增多,中國對高質量英語人才的要求也達到了前所未有的高度。英語教學在中國高等 教育 體系中占據著舉足輕重的地位,也肩負著社會培養高質量人才的重任。下文是我為大家搜集整理的關於 畢業 英語論文 範文 大全的內容，歡迎大家閱讀參考!
畢業英語論文範文大全篇1
淺談老水手的心理歷程——《苦舟子詠》 讀後感
[摘要]：《苦舟子詠》是英國19世紀湖畔派詩人柯勒律治的一首長詩。全詩是一個充滿了奇幻之美的的航海 故事 。全詩探索人生的罪與罰問題，詩人把熱愛宇宙的萬物泛神論思想和____思想結合起來，宣傳仁愛和基督____罪思想。詩中的水手的心理活動刻畫得細致入微，水手殺掉信天翁表示他拒絕社會給他的禮物，他除掉了深愛自己並代表超自然的事物，也就除掉了對這個世界的感情，最後水手內心發生轉變，以新的態度對待自然，為此他才得以解脫出來。 [關鍵詞]：老水手;道德;內疚;痛苦;贖罪 Abstract: 「The Rime of the Ancient Mariner」 is one of Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s masterpieces. It is a long poem, telling a story in the form of ballads .The poem can be approached as a dream voyage to another realm, as a story of sin and expatiation, or as the quiet essential representation of the alienated isolated modern indivial. 一、作者簡介 塞繆爾·泰勒·柯爾律治(Samuel Taylor Coleridge)1772年10月21日生於英格蘭西南部德文郡一個鄉鎮牧師的家庭。9歲喪父，被送往倫敦基督慈幼學校上學，熟讀希臘、羅馬文學。19歲入劍橋大學，與騷塞相識。當時兩人都同情法國革命，但又都害怕革命暴力，於是設想去美洲建立烏托邦社會。計劃失敗後柯爾律治移居英格蘭部西部湖區，致力於寫詩，並與華茲華斯結成密友。他憎惡資本主義城市文明和冷酷的金錢關系，於是遠離城市，隱居於昆布蘭湖區，寄情山水或緬懷中世紀的宗法社會。他們創作出歌頌大自然的或美化宗法制農村生活方式的詩篇，以抵制丑惡的資本主義現實。因此被稱為「湖畔派詩人」。1798年，兩人合作出版著名的《抒情歌謠集》。同年他與華茲華斯兄妹到德國 留學 ，被康德的哲學和耶拿派的詩歌理論和創作所吸引。回國後繼續居住於湖區，與華茲華斯保持往來。柯爾律治年青時代即患有風濕痛等多種疾病。為求鎮痛他長期服食鴉片竟至上癮，故健康大受損害。晚年他貧病交加，1834年7月25日逝世於海格特。柯爾律治的作品以真的細節描繪超自然的神秘事物，令人甘願暫時不去考慮普通情理而信以為真，並在領略到一種怪異的美的同時獲得教益或良知的覺醒。柯爾律治的創作實踐和理論建設，不僅影響過他的同時代人，也影響了包括和他政治態度相左的拜倫、雪萊和濟慈，而且，對於時至今日的詩歌藝術探索者，仍具有重要的借鑒價值。他在英國文學史上有重要地位，是浪漫主義思潮的重要代表。
二、《苦舟子詠》簡介
《苦舟子詠》是柯爾律治唯一一部完整的長詩。這部長625行的敘事謠曲是一個神秘恐怖的浪漫故事：一名老水手對一個赴結婚宴的客人講述了他自己的可怕的故事。客人想走開，趕快去赴宴，卻為老水手眼中的特殊表情所吸引住，不得不站在那裡把這個故事聽完了。老水手和同伴們坐了一艘船出海去。一路上很平安。然後遇到了一陣暴風，暴風過後，這位水手卻無端地射殺一隻了航海者認為好運象徵的信天翁。因此，厄運又降臨了。船駛進靜海中，那裡沒有風也沒有浪;太陽如火如荼地照耀著。海水綠綠地滿載著腐物。船停在那裡不動，老水手被視為這次厄運的造因者。水手們都渴得要死去，彷彿有一隻船要駛進救他們卻又消失不見了。那是一隻幻船，水手們一個個都死在甲板上，每個死者的眼光都註定在這位殺死信天翁的水手身上。全船的人，只有他沒有死。後來，他對於自所做的惡罪覺得悔恨。於是天使們可憐他的悲苦，使死屍們站了起來，仍去做水手們的職務。他們開上了帆。雖然沒有風，船卻漸漸地移動。於是，這船一直駛到了老水手的故鄉。一個領航者離了海岸，出來迎接。但在他到這船之前，它卻突然地沉下了，留下了這位老水手在海波中與死神掙扎著。他被領航者所救。後來，他一想起那時受的言之不盡的痛苦，便不能忍。他的心在體內燒著，一直到了把這可怕的故事說了出來，方才覺得舒服。
三、分析老水手的心理歷程
「自由、平等、博愛」是資產階級道德重要規范。「自由、平等、博愛」的 口號 是資產階級革命時期提出來的。它既是資產階級的政治主張，又是資產階級道德的重要內容。這一口號的提出不僅在政治上曾經起過推動歷史進步的作用，而且在人類道德發展史上也是一個巨大的進步，因為它否定了人身依附關系，肯定了人身自由;否定了等級特權，肯定了人的平等;否定了把人不當人的非人道主義的博愛思想。一句話，肯定了人的尊嚴、價值以及個人對幸福的追求。所以，它對個性的張揚和自我意識的發展，對人們掙脫禁慾主義、蒙昧主義、等級主義的枷鎖都起到了巨大的革命作用。 西方____的萬物泛神論主張神無處不在，萬物都是神的表象。這種主張認為：上帝就等於萬事萬物;任何個別事物就是上帝;世上的事物實際上都是虛無的。 在這兩種思想的支配下，作者把信天翁認為是基督____徒。老水手無端地射死了信天翁，表示他拒絕社會給他的禮物，他除掉了深愛自己並代表超自然的事物，也就除掉了對這個世界的感情。老水手違反上天的指意，違反自然規律，射死了無辜的信天翁，必然要受到懲罰。於是，災難來了：風停了，船無法前進，陽光酷熱，水手們口乾舌燥。這時候，有人指責老水手——「你怎敢放肆，將神鳥射死!是它引來了南風。」此時，老水手開始意識到自己行為的錯誤。於是，他開始不斷地感到內疚。心理學認為，在道德情感系統中，羞恥感是其中的一個元素。畢達哥拉斯要求人們對自己言行進行反省以後，就應該在內心裡對卑劣的行為感到羞恥、悲哀和恐懼;對善良行為感到欣喜。沙莆慈伯利認為，道德上的善惡主要取決於感情系統中的羞恥感。他說：「凡出自不公正的情感所作的，就是不義惡行和過失;如果情感公正、健全、良好，並且情感的內容有益於社會，而且還是以有益於社會方式施行，或有所感動，這就必定在任何行動中構成我們所說的公平和正直。」不義、惡行和過失將引起人們的羞恥感。羞恥感是個人的自我道德意識的一種表現，表示一個人對自己的行為、動機和道德品質的譴責時的內心體驗。良心是羞恥感的的主要作用機制，常表現出焦慮、羞愧和內疚等情緒。道德焦慮是一種復合情緒。其中，痛苦和畏懼是主要構成「因子」。但它僅以避免外在處罰為目的，是低級形式的羞恥感，可又是羞恥感發生的基礎。那麼，羞恥感的真正作用是什麼?是內疚，只有內疚才是高度的主體意識的產物，它激活潛在的思維和力量，專注與對過失的懊悔和追悔的行為，促進個體的心理成熟。如果個體內疚匱乏，那他將對道德不屑一顧，達不到「有羞知格」的認識。同時，羞恥感要以自尊為前提，一個沒有自尊的人是不會知恥的，更不會自責。自尊體現了對自我社會話的切近，沒有自尊的防衛，就不可能有自責的意識和行為的發生。老水手對自己的不道德行為知恥，慚愧和悔恨。老水手真是由於良心發現才深感自己行為的錯誤，於是惶惶終日，不斷自責自己。
事態進一步發展，在他懺悔和祈禱下掛在脖子下的鳥掉下來了，但是同行的水手都因為缺水而一個個地死去，只有老水手一個人活著。這似乎是上帝對他的又一個懲罰。他一方面覺得自己的罪行深重，導致了其他水手的死亡——痛苦;另一方面在茫茫大海中，一條船上就他孤零零的一個人——恐懼。於是他的內心又經歷了一場痛苦與恐懼的考驗。良心是每個人自身內部的道德評析，是自己對自己行為道德價值的認識、認知、判斷、態度、感情、體驗、意向、意志、動機等一切心理反應活動。老水手不斷對自己驚醒良心譴責。良心的基本因素是感情，感情是對需要的體驗，是心理的動力因素。它一方面產生良心的認知因素，推動自己去判斷自己行為的道德價值;另一方面則產生良心意志因素，推動自己做出改過遷善的選擇。在行為過後，良心對行為的後果有影響和評價作用。對於履行了道德義務並產生了好後果的影響和行為，它便於進行自我譴責，使人感到內疚、慚愧和悔恨。這種自我譴責，往往能形成一種力量，促使人們改正自己的行為。
後來，老水手虔誠地祈求海蛇破開魔法，他才獲救得以回家。人非聖賢，孰能無過?人生在生活中不免發生道德過失。道德反省就是通過對道德過失的追悔，從而激勵人們採用新的道德行為去補救已經釀成的道德不幸，並且通過對道德過失的覺醒為將要開始的道德行為提供羅盤。道德反省的實質在於主體對自己已作的道德選擇進行批判性的分析，是在主體已經體驗到自己的道德行為存在著過失的情況下，從而進行的對自己內心的深刻 反思 。通過反思，要為今後的行為提供新的路線和方案，明白來者可追，逝者可補。在今後的行動過程中，要用千倍的補償替代原有的損失;通過反思，主體對自我發展和自我需要與社會道德的系統會領悟得更加深刻。
故事的最後，老水手回到了家。於是出現了開篇的那一幕：他極力拉住去赴婚宴的人，讓他們聽他講這個離奇的故事——他想尋找聽眾，承認自己的錯誤，說出自己的故事，解除內心的痛苦——贖罪。盡管老水手已經虔誠懺悔，但還是有種負罪感難以釋懷，於是他渴望被人理解，宣洩出來以排除內心的痛苦。生活也是這樣，當我們遇到困難、痛苦的時候，不要封閉自己，找一個忠實的聽眾，把自己的苦惱說給他聽。這是一種釋放壓力的好 方法 。
總之，柯爾律治的這首詩歌以神秘、怪誕著稱，其中的心理描寫可謂是典範!詩歌探討了罪與罰、善與惡，生與死等哲學問題，宣傳了一切生物皆上帝聽造的教義。但詩歌的真正價值並不在故事本身或它所包含的哲理上，而在以造型藝術的精確性和音樂的流動感為讀者創造了一幅幅神奇的海洋畫面：時而風平浪靜，沉寂安寧;時而風暴驟起，一片喧囂。在寫作此詩時，柯爾律治並不熟悉大海，但他能憑借想像，使真實的情形與幻想的景象互相交織，把平凡的細節與詩意的象徵融為一體，充分顯示了瑰麗奇特的想像能力。在詩藝上，長詩將英國民歌的自由與古典文人詩的謹嚴冶於一爐，煉就出適合表達浪漫主義情緒的活潑自然的詩體，而長詩的音韻與節奏之美，也表現了詩人能讓文字進行歌唱的本領。
[參考文獻]： 《英美文學選讀》 天津大學出版社出版
《英國文學簡史》 河南人民出版社出版
《道德心理學》 中南大學出版社出版
畢業英語論文範文大全篇2
淺談東西方數字九的 文化 對比分析與翻譯
一、前言
"數是人類思維發展到一定階段，為適應社會生產活動的需要，在符號的幫 助下產生的。"(蘇金智，19 91)"數字是語言學中的一個特殊的領域。在科 學的數字世界裡，它的功能是計算，秩序嚴謹，職司分明，是 實數;而在人類 心靈的數字世界中，它的功能是表義，許多數字經過「神化」後成為「玄數」、 「虛數」、「 天數"。它們有著極其豐富的外延和內涵。"(王秉欽，1998) 由於受東西方文化傳統、宗教信仰、語言崇拜、地理環境等方面的影響，數 字的神化存在著東西方的差異 ，但也存在著共性，有著共同的規律。在"數的 靈物崇拜"上各民族都有普通性。東方人有自己心目中的"天 數"，而西方人 也有自己心目中的"神數"。神秘數字的演化規律一般經過"神化—泛化—虛 化"的過程。( 王秉欽，1998)
東西方已有不少有關數字科學的專著和論文， 如畢達哥拉斯(phythagoras) 學派的T·丹齊克的《數 科學語言》(商務印書館，1998)，英國人倫拉德·法 拉的《七的探源》;國內也有不少學者就數字寫過著作 和論文，並開展過學術探 討。如，王秉欽教授在其《語言與翻譯新論》的中篇第六章就以"數的語義范圍 比較 與翻譯"為專題;蘇金智曾寫過《數的靈物崇拜》(載〈語言、社會、文化》 440頁， 語文出版社，1991，1) 等。在1998 年南昌大學主辦的"中國英漢語 比較研究會第二屆年會暨第三次學術研討會"上，英漢文化對比專 業委員會會 員曾就中南工業大學外語學院吳玲英老師的《中西文學中"以三為法」的文化模 式》展開了激烈的 討論。本人認為東方人，尤其是中國人，自己心目中的天數 是"九"而不是"三"，也並非完全是因為"九" 是"三"的倍數。
二、東西方數字"九"的文化對比分析
在我國，人們之所以把"九"看成是自己心目中的"天數"和最富有神奇色 彩的數字， 是因為"九" 這個數字的象徵意義(symbolicmeaning)，在我國可 以說歷時最久，涉及面也最廣。 "九"作為數不同於一 般數字，在中國古代被 認為是一種神秘的數字，它起初是龍形(或蛇形)圖騰化之文字，繼而演化出"神 聖" 之意，於是中國古代歷代帝王為了表示自己神聖的權力為天賜神賦，便竭 力把自己同「九」聯系在一起。如天 分九層，極言其高，天證/誕日為正月初 九，天子祭天一年九次。更有趣的是連皇宮建築都與"九"有關。例 如，北京 城有九門，天安門城樓面闊九問，門上飾有九路釘(即每扇門的門釘縱橫各九排)。 漢語詞彙中也常 用"九"來形容帝王將相的稱謂，如"九五之尊"(imperial throne);稱官位僅次於皇帝的王爺為"九千歲 "等。
根據陰陽五行與數的關系，萬物之根均為數，宇宙也是數。數始於1而終於 10，五行也是數，按傳統的五行 理論來劃分，則1、2為木：1為陽木，2為陰 木。以3、4為火：3為陽火，4為陰火。以5、6為土：5為陽土，6為 陰土。 以7、8為金：7為陽金，8為陰金。以9、10為水：9 為陽水，10為陰水。這 就是將"象"、"數"與五行 結合起來推演變化，用以顯示事物發展變化的內 在聯系。由此看來，"九"是最大的陽數，象徵著天。 傳說 古 代中國人把天分 為九層，九層天是天的最高處，漢語中有關詞彙有"九重霄"(指極高的天空， "九霄雲外" ，"九天攬月"，"九天九地"等。另外，天壇，這個明清兩代 祭天的場所，其建築無處不體現著「九」的象 征意義。 民間傳說中還有"九頭 鳥"(nine-headed bird: a fabulous bird whose appearance was f ormerlyregarded as a bad omcn)的故事。
中國人以"九"為大數，劉師培在《古書疑義舉例補》一書中寫道："凡數 指其極者，皆得稱之為'九' ;"《素問》中說："天地之數，始於一，終於 九。"因此，漢語中有"九九歸一"或"九九歸原"之說。因 從"九"為數之 極而引出人生之限，故"明九"或"暗九"均為人生之"坎"，避諱有「九」之 歲。例如：「 老太太因明年八十一歲，是個暗九。"(《紅樓夢》)。日本人一般 認為"九"是"苦命和痛苦"的象徵，因 為"九"與"苦"同音，因此忌諱 "九"。然而，《外語與外語教學》曾報道過國內一位學者曾為考證這一點 ，采 用"全選法"將日本某地電話號碼其中的幾千個姓和名分別進行統計，結果發現 將"九"作為姓的只佔極 少數(約佔0.35%)，而將"九"作為名的卻不少(約 佔35%)。看來，日本人忌諱"九"也並非絕對。
此外，《詞源》中說："九：虛指多數。""九"作虛數解時，是數的一種 語義模糊現象。《現代漢語詞 典》中，"九"的意思有三個：(1)數目，八加一 後所得;(2)從 冬至 起每九天是一個"九"，從一"九" 數起，二"九"、三 "九"，一直數到九"九"為止。冬練三九，夏練三伏;(3)表示多數或多次： 九泉，三 彎九轉等。因此， 漢語中有不少和"九"有關的 成語 。如："九牛一 毛"、"九死一生"、"九牛二虎之力" 、"九流賓客"等等。
在我國，數字"九"涉及面在所有數字中最廣。含有數字"九"的詞彙也十 分豐富。如，"九州"是指傳 說中的我國上古行政區劃，後用作"中國"的代 稱。因此，有的全國性的電視節目就取名為「九州方圓」;「 九族"(the nine degrees of kindred: either thenine generations from one's great-great-gr andfather down toone's great-great-grandson;or four generations of one'spatemal relations, three generations of one's matemalrelations, and two generations of noe's wife's relatio ns)，古代有一種殘酷的刑法叫"誅滅九族";古代傳說 "龍生九子，各有所好"。因此，《紅樓夢》第九回 中用"一龍生九種，種種各 別"來比喻賈氏家族族大人多，龍蛇混雜，好壞不一，各種各樣的人都有。還有 " 九龍杯"等。此外，在文娛、體育等詞彙中，數字"九"也比比皆是。如， 許多歌名都以"九"開頭："九妹 "、"九九艷陽天"、"九百九十九朵玫瑰" 等;樂器中也有"九音鑼";在體育活動中，"九柱戲"(nine pins)，兵器中 有"九節鞭"[但這與西方文化中的"九尾鞭」(cat-o '-nine- tails: an instrurnent of punishment so calledfrom the nine pieces of leather or cord which compose it)意義不大一樣]。 地名中也有一些以"九"開頭的，如"九 寨溝"、"九華山"、"九江"和"九龍"等。此外，中國人常把" 九"看成 為吉祥數字之一。在申請電話號碼時，人們寧願多出
錢去買一個尾數為"8"或 "9"的吉祥號碼。比 如，湖南有線電視台的"歡樂熱線"號碼為"16899919"。 在西方，數字"九"也是人們心目中的"神數"之一。對西方人來說， "九"的象徵意義是"神性"、 "神聖之至"。 英語權威字典Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary and Webster's ThirdIntema tional Dictionary 中 對"九"所解釋的意義比《現代漢語詞典》所解釋的意義還多，分別有：
1)one more than eight, three threes, the square of three;2) nine units of objects (a tota l of nine) ; 3) a: thenumerable quantity symbolized by the arabic numeral 9; b: thefigure 9 ; 4) nine o'clock——compared Bell table, timeillustration; 5) the ninth size in a set series: as a; aplaying team of nine members,esp.a baseball team; b:the firstor last 9 hol es of an 18-hole golf course…。
其中收入與"九"有關詞語和成語多達近二十條。常用的有：
a nine-day's wonder (an object or event that creates ashort-lived sensation)
____Those political expositions…that make a nine day'snine wonder till something fresh c omes alone——Mary Deasy. nine times out of ten(very often)
be dressed up to the nines(elaborately dressed, as for aformal occasion)
____She dressed herself up to the nines and went to theparty.
in the nineholes:in the difficult situation nine-men's morris: morris played with nine counters A cat has nine lives: A cat can move so fast and jump sowell that he seems to escape being killed many times.
從以上的解釋還可以發現一個規律：數字"九"及其倍數在西方也被廣泛運 用於文娛和體育活動中。如， 保齡球(bowling )中的瓶狀木柱數(ninepins) 為"九"; 高爾夫球 球場有一十八個洞：跳子棋的棋板上各 方均為九個孔; 古 時英國還有一種九個男人一起跳的舞蹈(morrisdance)等。由此看來，數字"九" 也倍 受西方人的青睞。
總之，在東西方文化中，數字"九"含有以下主要共性：
1)東西方大多數人把數字"九"看成神秘的數字， 其象徵意義均有"神 聖"之意。
2)在東西方文化中，數字"九"均可虛指多數。
3)數字"九"被廣泛運用於文體項目中。
數字「九」在東西方文化中的個性恐怕主要在於：對中國人來說，其神奇色 彩要比西方人更濃;其象徵意 義的歷史在東方文化中比西方文化中更悠久;其 涉及面在東方文化中比西方文化中更廣泛。
三、數字"九"的翻譯問題
羅馬西塞羅說過："翻譯不是字當句對，而是保留語言的總風格和力 量。""按分量而不是按數量譯詞" 。此處所說的數字是指經過神化、泛化、 虛化了的"虛數"，"實數"的翻譯不在此例。根據這一理論，結合 東西方文 化的共性與個性，可採用如下的翻譯方法，並遵循以下的翻譯原則。
可採取的翻譯方法主要有：
(一)保留原數字
e.g. We thought our cat would be killed when he fell fromthe roof of the house. He was not, he used up one of his ninelives.
我們以為我們的貓從屋頂掉下來會死了，它並沒死，只失掉九條命中的一條。 這樣翻譯過來，人們很容易接受，因為人們已熟悉"貓有九命"這個成語， 並能夠促進東西方文化的融合 。
(二)轉換成各民族喜愛的數字
e.g.nine out of ten——十之八九 nine days' wonder———可翻譯為"曇花一現"， 這樣翻譯可以加深對奈 達的"對等"和紐馬克的"轉 換"翻譯理論的理解。
(三)增舍數字
比如，"九死一生"可翻譯成"a narrow escape from death;survival after many hazards";又如 ，"九九歸一，還是他說的話對。"可翻譯成"All things considered,what he says is right."其譯文均 舍棄了數字，轉譯其 形象意義。
應遵循的原則主要有：
(一)民族性原則
比如，漢語中的"費了九牛二虎之力"，《漢英詞典》(外研社，1996)的譯 文有三個："strain onese lf to the limit; use everyounce of one's strength; make herculean efforts"。筆者認為第二種譯文 "use every ounce of one's strength "更符合"民族性原則」，成功地將東方文化中該成語的比喻意義轉 化成了西方文化語言中的形象意義。
(二)習語性原則
比如："匡超人此時恍若親見瑤宮仙子，月下嫦娥，那魂靈都飄到九霄雲外 去了。"(《儒林外史》)， 其譯文為"Kuang felt that he was gazing at a goddess and his spirit had flown to heaven."這種譯 文因遵循了"習語性原則"， 充分地體現了人類交際行為的一個最根本原則——語言——符號的經濟原則。
(三)形象性原則
數字用於模糊意義時，一般都失去了其數量意義而具有形象意義。翻譯時， 必須越出其理性意義而捕捉其 與 其它 的詞結合後所產生的形象意義。
比如："飛流直下三千盡，疑是銀河落九天(李白)。"此句詩中的"九天" 的形象意義為"極高的天空 "，因此，可翻譯成"Down itcascades a sheer three thousand feet—As if the Silver River [i.e. the Milky. Way]were falling from heaven!"
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E. 大學英語試卷分析範文
試卷分析，即使到了大學也還是需要，尤其是英語專業的。下面是我給大家整理的大學英語試卷分析範文，供大家參閱!
大學英語試卷分析範文1
本次考試採用教考分離、閉卷筆試、流水閱卷形式，目的是考查學生對本學期所授語言知識的掌握及聽力理解、語篇理解、翻譯和書面表達等能力。試卷按本課程的教學大綱要求編寫，難度適中，覆蓋面較廣，能夠較為客觀地反映出學生的語言應用能力。其中課內、外內容分別佔60%和40%，主觀題、客觀題分別佔35%和65%，基本能滿足考試的期望值。試卷分為試卷一(客觀題)和試卷二(主觀題)兩部分。試卷一題型為：Part I 聽力理解(20%);Part II 閱讀理解(20%);Part IV 完型填空 (10%);Part IV詞彙與語法結構(10%)。試卷二包括聽寫填空(10%)、快速閱讀(5%)、翻譯(15%)和寫作(10%)。
此次考試結果呈正態分布，基本反應出學生的真實水平，大多數學生都在及格線上，及格以上分數段分布較為平均。60-69分數段有10人，70-79分數段有7人，80-89分數段3人，無學生90以上，平均分64.18, 及格率為71.43%, 考試結果一般, 最高分為87.5分，最低分42分，兩者相差較大。本次考試，學生在客觀題部分答題情況不太理想，客觀題總分60分，雖然得分基本都在35分以上，最高得分51分，但有部分學生得分較低。尤其是聽力部分，失分較為嚴重。而Spot Dictation部分答題情況較好，快速閱讀部分答題不盡如人意。翻譯部分多數學生表現一般。寫作部分多數學生表現一般，優秀作文不多。
本次考試客觀題部分學生答題情況不太理想，尤其是聽力部分，失分較為嚴重。這與學生平時缺乏這方面練習有關。另外，學生在考試時審題不夠嚴謹，特別是在Fast Reading部分，有些學生沒有按照題目要求作答，這樣的答題失誤令人惋惜。翻譯題一部分為漢譯英，另一部分為英譯漢。在答題過程中學生出現較多語法錯誤。部分學生由於基礎差此項得分較低。寫作部分，學生對作文主題較為熟悉，但部分學生還不了解書信的正確格式。學生作文的中式英語問題較為突出，優秀作文不多。
1.由於部分學生在自主學習時自控力不強，未能及時完成布置的作業。因此體現在其閱讀水平不高，詞彙量過小。所以，在新學期要進一步應督促學生加強課內外閱讀練習。規范學生的學習習慣。
2.多數學生聽寫部分得分不高，因此要加強專項練習，提高學生聽寫水平。
3.從作文中暴露出學生語法功底不扎實，中式英語問題突出。今後要加強學生的寫作練習，以及其他語法專項習題練習提高學生的語法及作文水平。
4.繼續輔優導差，一方面充分挖掘優生的學習熱情及潛力，另一方面幫助差生增強信心，迎頭趕上。
大學英語試卷分析範文2
一、卷面成績分布情況分析
本次考試所帶班級共有3個班166人參加考試，總體來看，各個模塊成績偏低,能基本反映出學生學習的實際情況。各班成績分布情況如下：
二、試題內容分析及典型錯誤剖析 (一)試題內容分析 1.試題題型多樣，題量合適
試題題型分為：聽力題、完形填空題、閱讀題、翻譯題、作文題。既重視聽力能力的考查，又重視閱讀能力以及寫作的考查。該試題從不同角度考查學生聽辨能力、閱讀理解能力、雙語轉換能力和英語寫作能力。
2.試題覆蓋面較廣、難度適中
本次考試依照考試大綱出題，各層次題目所佔分數比例大體上是：聽力佔20%，完形填空佔20%，閱讀理解佔30%，翻譯佔10%，寫作佔20%。命題覆蓋各章，既全面考核，又突出重點。其中，閱讀理解是重點考查，其次聽力與寫作，完形填空，最後是翻
大綱90%以上的內容。試題的難度適中，各個等級所佔的分數比例大體是：容易的佔25%，較易的佔30%，難度適中的佔35%，較難的佔10%。
3.試題題目設計較科學合理
試題設計合理，表述清晰規范，語言簡潔明了，考查問題明確;參考答案以及評分標准准確、具體。
(二)典型性錯誤分析
從答卷的整體情況來看，客觀題的答卷質量較好，有的學生在閱讀題、完形填空題這兩種題型上得分較高，顯示了閱讀能力還不錯;但也有少數學生在這兩道題上得分不高，尤其是完形填空題，有很多學生將與正確答案比較相似的選項選為正確答案。
三、存在的主要問題
1.學生的聽力普遍很差，有時候比較簡單的東西也會聽不清楚或者聽錯，反應出學生平時聽力練習的缺乏以及口語訓練的不夠。
2.寫作體現出的問題暴露了學生學習英語擺脫不了漢語思維，中式英語很常見，說明學生沒有足夠的閱讀量，上課學習的東西都還沒有內化成自己的東西，其次，學生對於英語單詞的詞性掌握也是一個問題點，大多數學生不能正確乃至靈活轉換各種單詞的各種詞性，往往需要名詞的時候用了動詞，而需要動詞時又寫的是形容詞等等。
四、對教學工作的意見或建議
加強聽力訓練，引導並強制學生進行聽力練習，充分發揮學生的主觀能動性，激發學生對英語聽力的興趣。
在現有教材的基礎上配合學生專業特點，有針對性地補充知識，更新內容;及時向學生推薦參考文獻，引導和提醒學生注意課外閱讀學習，注意研究性學習，逐漸培養自己的學術研究興趣，使學生體驗到時時有英語、處處有英語、英語圍繞在我們身邊，感受到英語學科的價值，從而使《大學英語》這門課程為學生們進一步學習和深入研究其他課程以及日後從事醫葯工作等打下堅實的基礎。
加大在平時的教學中要作業訓練和檢查力度，打下扎實、全面的基礎，並養成良好的科學態度，掌握科學的學習方法。
大學英語試卷分析範文3
本次考試為大學英語三級考試，試題來自題庫，題型包括聽力，詞彙，閱讀，翻譯，寫作。題量較大，試題較難。通過對試卷的分析可以看出，學生們的通過率尚可但優秀率低，學生在聽力部分的聽寫和詞彙方面失分較多，具體分析如下：
首先，本次聽力部分分為短對話，長對話，篇章聽力理解和聽寫。從得分分布來看，學生注重了長短對話的訓練得分較高，但實際應用能力還有待提高。
其次，本次試題詞彙題量大，涉及詞彙多，從得分看出，學生們的詞彙儲量較小，功底不扎實，對課本的內容不熟悉，在今後的教學中還應注重課本的深入講解和教授詞彙的應用，讓學生在理解課文的同時體會詞彙的語境和使用及其內涵。
再次，由於本學期教學中注重了閱讀理解的訓練，故本項得分相對較高，學生的閱讀理解能力有了明顯提高。
最後，在寫作方面出現了兩極分化，其原因在於部分學生詞彙量不足，沒有看懂作文題目，寫作跑題。本學期在寫作方面進行了大量的練習，絕大部分得分較高。
從試卷的總體情況看，本學期圓滿完成了教學任務。
F. 英語六級閱讀理解模擬題：神童
英語六級閱讀理解模擬題：神童
Violin prodigies (神童), I learned, have come in distinct waves from distinct regions. Most of the great performers if the late 19th and early 20th centuries were born and brought up in Russia and Eastern Europe.I asked Isaac Stern, one of the world’s greatest violinists the reason for this phenomenon. It is very clear, he told me. They were all Jews(猶太人) and Jews at the time were severely oppressed and ill treated in that part of the world. They were not allowed into the professional fields, but they were allowed to achieve excellence on a concert stage. As a result, every Jewish parent’s dream was to have a child in the music school because it was a passport to the West.
Another element in the emergence of prodigies, I found, is a society that values excellence in a certain field to nurture (培育) talent. Nowadays, the most nurturing societies seem to be in the Far East. “In Japan, a most competitive society, with stronger discipline than ours. ”says Isaac Stem, children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields, including music. When Western music came to Japan after World WarⅡ, that music not only became part of their daily lives, but it became a discipline as well. The Koreans and Chinese as we know, are just as highly motivated as the Japanese.
That’s a good thing, because even prodigies must work hard. Next to hard work,biological inheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy. J. S. Bach, for example, was the top of several generations of musicians, and four of his sons had significant careers in music.
英語六級閱讀理解模擬題練習題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.Jewish parents in Eastern Europe longed for their children to attend music school because ______ .
A. it would allow them access to a better life in the West
B. Jewish children are born with excellent musical talent
C. they wanted their children to enter into the professional field
D. it would enable the family to get better treatment in their own country
2.Nurturing societies as mentioned in the passage refer to societies that ______ .
A. enforce strong discipline on students who want to achieve excellence
B. treasure talent and provide opportunities for its full development
C. encourage people to compete with each other
D. promise talented children high positions
3.Japan is described in the passage as a country that attaches importance to ______ .
A. all-round development.
B. the learning of Western music
C. strict training of children
D. variety in academic studies
4.Which of the following contributes to the emergence of musical prodigies according to the passage?
A. A natural gift.
B. Extensive knowledge of music.
C. Very early training.
D. A prejudice-free society.
5.Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
A. Jewish Contribution to Music.
B. Training of Musicians in the World
C. Music and Society
D. The Making of Prodigies
參考答案：
1.[A] 原文首段後一句提到，所有猶太人父母的夢想就是讓孩子上音樂學校，由because引導的從句解釋了原因，即因為這是通往西方世界的通行證。A項為原文的同義改寫，故選A。B、D在文中沒有提及，原文中說進入professional field是不被允許的,故C不符合。
2.[B] nurturing societies出現在文中第2段第2句，很顯然nurturing society指的是前一句說的“重視在某一特定領域中的優異表現，能培養才能的社會”,B與原文相符。
3.[C] 日本在文中作為典型的nurturing society的例子，之後提到日本社會竟爭激烈，注重規范和紀律，結合這兩點可知，C正確。
4.[A] 後一段第2句提到，遺傳在天才的產生上也起很重要的作用，即天賦，故選A。其他三項在文中並未提及。
5.[D] 本文中，prodigies是一個關鍵詞，四個選項中只有D包含了這一關鍵詞。其他三個選項都只是文中的局部信息，不是文章主旨，均排除。
英語六級閱讀理解模擬題：神童的相關內容小編就說到這里了，更多關於大學英語六級考試的備考技巧，備考干貨，新聞資訊，成績查詢，准考證列印入口，准考證列印時間等內容，小編會持續更新。祝願各位考生都能認真備考，順利通過考試。
G. 大學英語閱讀理解及答案
大學英語閱讀理解及答案
對於大學英語閱讀，學會速讀和略讀很重要，一個字一個字的去看很花時間。下面是我分享的.大學英語閱讀理解練習題，希望能幫到大家!
大學英語閱讀理解及答案【1】
Swimming is one of those activities that can be learned early in life. Little children can learn to swim as soon as they walk. In fact, you need the same skills in walking as in swimming. However, I believe that five is the best age to learn. By five or six, a child knows fear of water, a very important thing to know. It's wise to be afraid, to recognize true danger. Young ones understand that the water can sometimes be very dangerous.
To really benefit from swimming, every swimmer should learn, as soon as possible, these four basic strokes; butterfly, backstroke, breastroke, and crawl. I feel that one of these-the breaststroke-is different from the others, since some young swimmers use this stroke naturally, without any training.
In swimming there are certain rules every swimmer should follow:
1. Never swim alone! No matter how good you are in the water, don't risk drowning by swimming alone. If you swim by yourself , with no life guards or friends with you, you may get into trouble.
2. Don't go beyond your abilities. Most swimmers know enough not to swim too far from the bank or the beach, Showing off by doing dangerous tricks is no good. Swim safely and you will continue to swim and alive.
3. Don't smoke. Swimming depends on a healthy body; good lungs are part of it.
4. Work at any activity that builds muscles.
9. Little children can learn to swim as soon as _____.【 B 】
A. they can talk
B. they start walking
C. they have no fear of the water
大學英語閱讀理解及答案【2】
Americans spend their free time in various ways.
America is a country of sports—of hunting, fishing and swimming, and of team sports like baseball and football. Millions of Americans watch their favorite sports on television. They also like to play in community orchestras(管弦樂隊),make their own films or recordings, go camping ,visit museums, attend lectures, travel, garden, read, and join in hundreds of other activities. The people also enjoy building things for their homes, sewing their own clothes, even making their own photographs. They do these things for fun as well as for economy.
But as much as Americans enjoy their free time, the country is at the same time a"self-improvement" country. More than 25 million alts continue their ecation, chiefly by going to school in the evening, ring their own free time, at their own expense. Added to the time spent on personal activities, Americans a1so devote a great amount of their time to the varied needs of their communities. Many hospitals, schools, libraries, museums, parks, community centers, and organizations that assist the poor depend on the many hours citizens devote to these activities, often without any pay. Why do they do it?
There are several answers. The idea of cooperating and sharing responsibility with one another for the benefit of all is as old as the country itself.
When the country was first founded in 1776,it was necessary for the settlers to work together to live. They had crossed dangerous seas and risked all they had in their struggle for political and religious freedom. There remains among many Americans a distrust of central government. People still prefer to do things themselves within their communities, rather than give the government more control.
Sometimes people offer their time because they wish to accomplish something for which no money is paid, to do something that will be of benefit to the entire community. It is true that some people use their leisure because they are truly interested in the work; or they are learning from the experience.
No matter what the reason is, hundreds of thousands of so called leisure hours are put into hard, unpaid work on one or another community need.
13. This passage is mainly about ________ . 【 B 】
A. why America is a country of sports
B. how Americans spend their free time
C. why America is a "self-improvement" country
14. The writer mentions the foundation of the country in order to indicate ________.【 C 】
A. the early history of America
B. the American people's determination to live
C. the reason for Americans' willingness to cooperate and share responsibility
15.Which of the following best explains the meaning of the underlined word “leisure"【 C 】
A. work time B. energy C. spare time
16.What can we infer from the text【 A 】
A. The first settlers left their hometown for political and religious reasons.
B. Many Americans don′t trust the central government.
C. American people enjoy building things for their homes just for fun.
大學英語閱讀理解及答案【3】
Early one morning, more than a hundred years ago, an American inventor called Elias Howe finally fell asleep. He had been working all night on the design of a
sewing machine but he had run into a very difficult problem: It seemed impossible to get the thread to run smoothly around the needle.
Though he was tired, Howe slept badly. He turned and turned. Then he had a dream. He dreamt that he had been caught by terrible savages whose king wanted to kill him and eat him unless he could build a perfect sewing machine. When he tried to do so, Howe ran into the same problem as before. The thread kept getting caught around the needle.
The king flew into the cage and ordered his soldiers to kill Howe. They came up towards him with their spears raised. But suddenly the inventor noticed something. There was a hole in the tip of each spear. The inventor awoke from the dream,
realizing that he had just found the answer to the problem. Instead of trying to get the thread to run around the needle, he should make it run through a small hole in the center of the needle. This was the simple idea that finally made Howe design and build the first really practised sewing machine.
Elias Howe was not the only one in finding the answer to his problem in this
way.
Thomas Edison, the inventor of the electric light, said his best ideas came into him in dreams. So did the great physicist Albert Einstein. Charlotte Bronte also drew in her dreams in writing Jane Eyre.
To know the value of dreams, you have to understand what happens when you are asleep. Even then, a part of your mind is still working. This unconscious(無意識的), but still active part understands your experiences and goes to work on the problems you have had ring the day. It stores all sorts of information that you may have
forgotten or never have really noticed. It is only when you fall asleep that this part of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are awake. However, the unconscious part acts in a special way. It uses strange images which the conscious part may not understand at first. This is why dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to ourselves”.
1.According to the passage, Elias Howe was________.【 C 】
A. the first person we know of who solved problems in his sleep
B. much more hard-working than other inventors
C. the first person to design a sewing machine that really worked
2.The problem Howe was trying to solve was________.【 A 】
A. how to prevent the thread from getting caught around the needle
B. how to design a needle which would not break
C. where to put the needle
3.Thomas Edison is spoken of because________.【 B 】
A. he also tried to invent a sewing machine
B. he got some of his ideas from dreams
C. he was one of Howe’s best friends
4.Dreams are sometimes called“secret messages to ourselves” because___.【 A 】
A. strange images are used to communicate ideas
B. images which have no meaning are used
C. we can never understand the real meaning
大學英語閱讀理解及答案【4】
The greatest recent changes have been in the lives of women. During the
twentieth century there was an unusual shortening of the time of a woman’s life spent in caring for children. A woman marrying at the end of the 19th century would
probably have been in her middle twenties, and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old. By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would
expect to live a further twenty years, ring which custom, chance and health made it unusual for her to get paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer
children. Usually a woman’s youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five and is likely to take paid work until retirement at sixty. Even while she has the care of
children ,her work is lightened by household appliances(家用電器)and convenience foods.
This important change in women’s way of life has only recently begun to have its full effect on women’ s economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left school at the first opportunity and most of them took a full-time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age ,and though
women tend to marry younger ,more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Many more after wads, return to full or part-time work. Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with both husband and wife accepting a greater share of the ties and satisfaction of family life, and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money and running the home, according to the abilities and interest of each of them.
5.We are told that in an average family about 1990________.【 D 】
A. many children died before they were five
B. the youngest child would be fifteen
C. seven of eight children lived to be more than five
D. four or five children died when they were five
6. When she was over fifty, the late 19th century mother________.【 D 】
A. would expect to work until she died
B. was usually expected to take up paid employment
C. would be healthy enough to take up paid employment
D. was unlikely to find a job even if she is now likely
7. Many girls, the passage says, are now likely to ________.【 D 】
A. marry so that they can get a job
B. leave school as soon as they can
C. give up their jobs for good after they are married
D. continue working until they are going to have a baby
8. According to the passage, it is now quite usual for women to ________.【 C 】
A. stay at home after leaving school
B. marry men younger than themselves
C. start working again later in life
D. marry while still at school
;H. 英語閱讀理解翻譯加答案解析
英語閱讀理解翻譯加答案解析
閱讀理解是英語各題型中的重中之中。備考考研英語閱讀理解,關鍵是擴大英語閱讀的練習，下面是我給大家准備的英語閱讀理解真題的翻譯加答案解析，歡迎大家閱讀練習!
Talk to any parent of a student who took an adventurous gap year (a year between school and university when some students earn money, travel, etc.) and a misty look will come into their eyes. There are some disasters and even the most motivated, organised gap student does require family back-up, financial, emotional and physical. The parental mistiness is not just about the brilliant experience that has matured their offspring; it is vicarious living. We all wish pre?university gap years had been the fashion in our day. We can see how much tougher our kids become; how much more prepared to benefit from university or to decide positively that they are going to do something other than a degree.
Gap years are fashionable, as is reflected in the huge growth in the number of charities and private companies offering them. Pictures of Prince William toiling in Chile have helped, but the trend has been gathering steam for a decade. The range of gap packages starts with backpacking, includes working with charities, building hospitals and schools and, very commonly, working as a language assistant, teaching English. With this trend, however, comes a danger. Once parents feel that a well-structured year is essential to their would?be undergraates progress to a better university, a good degree, an impressive CV and well paid employment, as the gap companies blurbs suggest it might be, then parents will start organising—and paying for—the gaps.
Where there are disasters, according to Richard Oliver, director of the gap companies' umbrella organisation, the Year Out Group, it is usually because of poor planning. That can be the fault of the company or of the student, he says, but the best insurance is thoughtful preparation. “When people get it wrong, it is usually medical or, especially among girls, it is that they have not been away from home before or because expectation does not match reality.”
The point of a gap year is that it should be the time when the school leaver gets to do the thing that he or she fancies. Kids don't mature if mum and dad decide how they are going to mature. If the 18-year-old's way of maturing is to slob out on Hampstead Heath soaking up sunshine or spending a year working with fishermen in Cornwall, then thats what will be proctive for that person. The consensus, however, is that some structure is an advantage and that the prime mover needs to be the student.
The 18-year-old who was dispatched by his parents at two weeks'notice to Canada to learn to be a snowboarding instructor at a cost of ￡5,800, probably came back with little more than a hangover. The 18-year-old on the same package who worked for his fare and spent the rest of his year instructing in resorts from New Zealand to Switzerland, and came back to apply for university, is the positive counterbalance. [502 words]
16. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that parents of gap students may____.
[A] help children to be prepared for disasters
[B] receive all kinds of support from their children
[C] have rich experience in bringing up their offspring
[D] experience watching children grow up
17. According to the text, which of the following is true?
[A] The popularity of gap years results from an increasing number of charities.
[B] Prince William was working hard ring his gap year.
[C] Gap years are not as fashionable as they were ten years ago.
[D] A well-structured gap year is a guarantee of university success.
18. The word “packages” (Line 3, Para. 2) means________.
[A] parcels carried in traveling [B] a comprehensive set of activities
[C] something presented in a particular way [D] charity actions
19. What can cause the disasters of gap years?
[A] Intervention of parents. [B] Irresponsibility of the companies.
[C] A lack of insurance. [D] Low expectation.
20. An 18-year-old is believed to take a meaningful gap year when he/she.________
[A] lives up to his/her parents'expectations
[B] spends time being lazy and doing nothing
[C] learns skills by spending parents'money
[D] earns his or her living and gains working experience
>>>>>>答案解析<<<<<<
核心詞彙
at two weeksnotice 提前兩周通知;at short(a moments) notice隨時，提前很短時間通知 例：We are ready to start at short notice.我們已准備好，接到通知就可以出發。
back?up n./ a. *① 支援(者)，支持(者) ② 備用品 例：a backup plan/system/pilot備用計劃/備用系統/候補飛行員
back up ① 支持(某人)，證實(某說法) ② 備份，復制(磁碟) ③ 向後移動
counterbalance n./v. 平衡，抗衡;平衡抵消物; counter? 前綴，表示“相反的，相對的”如 counter?attack v. 回擊，counterpart n. 地位、職務等相當的人，對等物
look up ① 抬頭看 ② 尊敬，仰望 例：look up to sb. as ones teacher把某人尊為老師 *③ (形勢等)好轉 例：Things are looking up now.情況正在好轉。 ④ (在字典、參考書等中)查尋 例：look up a word in a dictionary在字典中查一個詞
package n. ① 包，盒，袋 *② a set of related things or services sold or offered together(必須整體接受的)一套，一攬子 例：a benefits package 一套福利措施 / an aid package 綜合援助計劃 / package deal 一攬子交易
pick up ① 拾起，拿起 例： pick up the phone拿起話筒 ② (偶然、無意地)獲得(收益、知識、消息等) pick up a tip from my mother 從媽媽那學到一個竅門 ③ 接收(訊號)，收聽(廣播等)例：pick up the BBC World Service 接收英國廣播公司國際廣播節目 *④ (情況等)好轉，改進 例：Trade is picking up nicely.生意很有起色。
structure n. ① 結構，構造，體系 *② a situation in which everything is carefully organized and planned組織性，條理性 例： Kids need some sort of structure to their day. 兒童的日常生活需要有點條理性。
vt. 構造;組織;安排 例：You need to structure your arguments more carefully.你需要更仔細地組織好自己的論據。/ well structured精心組織的，安排周密的
umbrella organization an organization that includes many smaller groups傘狀機構、組織
超綱詞彙
a gap year (中學和大學之間)學業間斷的一年，間斷年
backpack v.背包旅行 例：go backpacking n.背包
blurb n. ① (印在書籍封套上的)簡介 *② 誇大的廣告或介紹詞
hangover n. 遺留的感覺(或風俗、習慣等)(常後跟介詞from) 例：the insecure feeling that was a hangover from her childhood 她兒時留下的不安全感
slob n. 懶惰而邋遢的人 *vi. slob out/around游手好閑，無所事事
toil n.辛苦，勞累;苦活，難事 例：some books are a toil to read.有些書讀起來真費勁。 v.苦幹，辛苦從事(於……) 例：toil at/on ones task辛苦工作
vicarious a. ① 代理的，代表的;代理人的 例：vicarious authority代理的職權 *② (想像別人的苦樂等而)產生同感或共鳴的 例：He got a vicarious thrill out of watching his son score the winning goal.他看到兒子射入致勝一球時，也同樣感到欣喜若狂。
語篇分析
本文題材涉及青少年教育。作者介紹了現在十分時興的“學業間斷年”現象，先分析它存在的問題，然後提出實現一個有意義的學業間斷年的方法。這是一篇現象解釋型文章，按照“提出現象—解釋現象—提出建議”的脈絡展開論述，可以分成三大部分。
第一段為第一部分，提出現象，引入話題。
以父母為切入點，間接提出一種現象：學業間斷年。一方面，由於學業間斷年存在著危機，家庭需要給予孩子各方面的支持。另一方面，父母從孩子身上感受到了一種新的生活方式(vicarious living)，他們看到孩子們①變得更堅強(become tougher);②為大學生活作了更充分的准備(more prepared to benefit from university);③打算做除了獲得學歷之外的事情(do something other than a degree)。
第二、三段為第二部分，解釋現象，分析學業間斷年現象的現狀及存在的問題。
第二段：內容上分成了兩個部分。第一部分指出學業間斷年現在很流行，其表現是：組織團體和公司增多。其原因是：①威廉王子的宣傳效應;②經過十年的發展聲勢逐漸強大。第二部分從with this trend, however... 開始，指出學業間斷年的潛在問題之一：父母干預孩子的成長。其具體表現為：父母組織並資助間斷年期間的活動(start organizing and paying for the gaps)。其原因是：受公司宣傳的影響，以為這個階段對孩子未來的學業和就業都非常重要。
第三段：延續第二段後面部分的內容，引用專家(Richard Oliver)的.觀點，指出學業間斷年存在的第二大問題：缺乏周密的計劃(poor planning)。其表現是：健康問題、從未離開過家、期望與現實不符。解決方法：做好審慎的准備(thoughtful preparation)。
第四、五段為第三部分，提出建議，即讓年輕人自己來組織和安排學業間斷年。
第四段：首先提出要讓學業間斷年具有意義，就應該讓年輕人獨立地做自己喜歡做的事情(the school leaver gets to do the thing that he or she fancies)。接著從反面論證父母的安排不利於孩子真正成熟，該部分舉了兩個例子說明。最後再次重申，行動的安排者應該是學生自己。
第五段列舉了兩個例子，比較度過學業間斷年的兩種不同方式——由父母安排或者自己獨立安排，從而支持了第四段的觀點。
試題命制分析
針對上文的分析，我們可以命制以下幾種題型，從而考查考生的多種閱讀技能。
1. 事實細節題
(1) 針對第一段可以考查父母在學業間斷年的收獲，參見考試題16;也可以間接考查孩子們在學業間斷年的收獲，如：以下哪項是經歷學業間斷年的學生產生的變化?[A] 更成熟、更堅強;[B] 就業目的更明確;[C] 更輕松地完成大學學業;[D] 與父母之間關系更融洽。(答案：[A])
(2) 可以考查學業間斷年一般從事的活動，如，以下哪項不是學業間斷年做的事情?[A] 修建學校;[B] 遠途旅行;[C] 教學工作;[D] 慈善捐款。(答案：[D])
(3) 針對第二段“學業間斷年時興的原因”和“父母主動安排學業間斷年的原因”考查因果細節。另外，由於第二段涉及細節較多，也可以綜合考查，參見試題17。
(4) 綜合第二段和第三段，可以綜合考查學業間斷年出現的問題，參見試題19。
2. 推理引申題
(1) 根據第一段倒數第二句We all wish... ，可以考查推理家長們看待學業間斷年的態度。如：[A] 積極支持;[B] 堅決反對;[C] 不明確;[D] 既不支持也不反對。(答案：[A])
(2) 針對第二段有關威廉王子的例子，可以考查推理作者的寫作意圖。
(3) 針對最後一段的兩個例子，可以考查推理作者舉例的目的，也可以考查推理作者認為實現有意義的學業間斷年的方法。參見試題20。
3. 語言知識題。
(1) 考查第一段超綱詞vicarious在上下文中的含義。
(2) 考查第二段packages一詞的熟詞僻義。參見試題18。
試題精解
16.從第一段可推知經歷學業間斷年的學生的父母可能——。
[A] 幫助孩子准備迎接災難
[B] 從孩子那裡得到各種支持
[C] 在撫養孩子方面有豐富的經驗
[D] 經歷了看著孩子成長的過程
[精解] 答案D本題考查推理引申。第一段論述了經歷學業間斷年的孩子的父母的感受，包括兩個方面：一是由於這個時期的學生需要家庭從經濟上、情感上和體力上給予幫助，因此父母可能有幫助孩子成熟起來的美好經歷;二是父母間接的感受，即看著孩子們變得更堅強，自己做決定，從而成長。由此可知，[D]項是父母可能經歷的。[A]項中出現了原文中的disaster，但含義不同。第一段第二句中disasters指的是“困難，危機”，是下文提到的“孩子需要家庭給予幫助”造成的。[B]項與第一段第二句含義相反。第三句提到，父母有幫助孩子成熟起來的美好經歷，而非[C]項中的rich experience(經驗豐富)。
17.根據文章，下面哪個說法正確?
[A] 學業間斷年的普及是因為慈善機構數目的增長造成的。
[B] 威廉王子在他的學業間斷年期間努力工作。
[C] 現在學業間斷年不像十年前那樣普及了。
[D] 一個精心安排的學業間斷年是大學成功的保證。
[精解] 答案B本題考查事實細節。第二段首句提到，學業間斷年現在很時興，反映在提供它們的慈善團體和私人公司的數目呈巨額增長。[A]項錯在將表現歸為原因。第二句提到，威廉王子在智利吃苦的事情(對間斷年的流行)發揮了作用。由此可推出[B]項正確。第三句提到，(間斷年普及的)趨勢十年來一直在加強。因此排除[C]項。第二段後半部分談到“學業間斷年的時興”帶來的隱患，即一些父母相信公司的介紹，認為精心安排的間斷年對於孩子未來的求學、就業都很重要。因此[D]項是一些公司的宣傳及部分家長的錯誤看法。
18.第二段第三行的單詞packages的含義是——。
[A] 旅行中帶的包裹
[B] 一套綜合的活動
[C] 用特殊方式呈現出來的東西
[D] 慈善行動
[精解] 答案B本題考查詞義。詞義的確定依賴上下文。上文中gap一詞多次出現，指“學業間斷”，下文提到一系列活動，即背包旅行、和慈善團體一起工作、修建醫院和學校、做語言助教教英語。因此gap packages指學業間斷期間學生從事的多種活動。[D]項沒有包括所有的活動，應選[B]項。
19.什麼可能造成學業間斷年出現問題?
[A] 父母的干預。 [B] 公司的不負責任。
[C] 沒有保險。 [D] 期望過低。
[精解] 答案A第二段後半部分論述了隨著學業間斷年的普及而帶來的一個隱患，即父母以為好的間斷年可以決定孩子未來的的求學和就業，因此會主動安排孩子的間斷年，甚至出錢。顯然，這么做妨礙了孩子獨立的成長。[A]項是造成問題的原因。第三段提到另外一個問題是計劃不周，其表現有：健康問題(medical)、從未離開過家、期望與現實不符。[B]和[C]出現了原文中的詞語company和insurance，但其含義與原文已有很大出入;文中只提到“期望與現實不符”，[D]中“過低”一詞無從推知。
20.18歲的年輕人被認為度過了有意義的學業間斷年，當他/她——。
[A] 達到父母的期望
[B] 無所事事
[C] 通過花父母的錢學會技能
[D] 自己謀生並獲得工作經驗
[精解] 答案D本題考查推理引申。第四段首句提到，學業間斷年的意義在於它應該是離校生開始做自己喜歡做的事情的時候。第四段後面部分進一步進行闡述。由父母來決定孩子怎樣成熟，並不能使孩子真正成熟。無所事事的行為也沒有收獲。行動的安排者應是學生自己。第五段舉了兩個截然不同的例子，前者遵照父母的安排，後者自食其力。因此，[D]項符合題意。
全文翻譯
與度過了充滿刺激的學業間斷年的孩子的父母交談，他們的眼神中會有一種含糊不清的東西。這一年中有一些危機，即使是目的明確、很有條理的學生，在間斷年期間也需要家庭從經濟上、情感上和體力上給予幫助。父母眼中的含糊不僅僅是因為讓他們的孩子成熟起來的美好經歷，也是因為他們自己間接感受到的生活方式。我們多希望大學前的間斷年在我們那個時代就已經很時興了。現在，我們能看著孩子們變得更堅強，更好地准備從上大學中有所收獲或者積極地決定他們將做一些除了獲得學歷之外的事情。
學業間斷年現在很時興，這反映在提供它們的慈善團體和私人公司的數目呈巨額增長上。威廉王子在智利吃苦的照片發揮了作用，但這種趨勢十年來一直在加強。學業間斷年期間的一整套活動從背包旅行開始，包括和慈善團體一起工作，修建醫院和學校，以及常見的做語言助教教英語。然而，隨著這種趨勢而來的也有危險。一旦父母相信那些學業間斷年公司介紹的內容，認為精心安排的一個間斷年對於想成為本科生的孩子進入更好的大學、獲得高學歷、得到令人印象深刻的簡歷和待遇良好的工作是至關重要的，那麼他們就會開始組織並資助間斷年期間的活動。
按照學業間斷年公司綜合機構“走出學業間斷年團體”的負責人理查德•奧利弗埃的觀點，出現問題往往是因為計劃不周。他說，“這可能是公司或學生的責任，但是最保險的方法是作好審慎的准備。當人們把它搞砸時，往往是因為健康問題，尤其是女孩，因為她們從未離開過家，或者期望與現實不符”。
學業間斷年的意義在於它應該是離校生開始做自己喜歡做的事情的時候。如果由父母來決定孩子怎樣成熟，那麼他們不會真地變成熟。如果18歲時變成熟的方式是在倫敦漢普斯泰德石南園中無所事事地曬太陽，或者花上一年時間和康沃爾郡的漁夫一起工作，那麼對於後者來說將是有所收獲的。然而，多數人還是認為進行某種安排是有利的，而且行動的安排者應是學生自己。
如果18歲的年輕人兩周前得到父母的通知，被送去加拿大花5,800英鎊學習成為一名滑雪教練，回來後可能只會留下很少的感覺。同樣的18歲的年輕人，先通過工作賺錢，再用一年中剩下的時間在從紐西蘭到瑞士的多個避暑勝地執教，回來後申請大學，這樣的經歷則是完全不同的積極的做法。
;I. 英語閱讀理解答案
英語閱讀理解答案
不納蔽管是在小學，初中，高中甚至胡笑是大學和研究生的`考試中，英語閱讀理解都是必考的題型，下面我准備了英語閱讀理解的習題和答案，適合高中的同洞做州學練習!
第一篇：
In East Africa there is a bribe(部落) of people called the Masai. They are tall and slim(苗條的) and carry long spears to guard their cattle against an attacking lion or leopard(豹). These Africans move from place to place on the rolling(綿延起伏的) grasslands looking for suitable grazing(牧場) and water. Mboto is twelve years old. He helps his father drive the cattle. If the family decides to remain in one spot for a while, he helps gather sticks and thin branches to build a simple house. The sticks are placed in the ground in a circle. They are then bent inwards and joined at the top. Small branches and leaves fill the spaces. If it looks as if the family will stay longer than usual, then the inside walls are often plastered with cattle manure(糞). For a door there is only a small opening to allow a person to enter. A thorn(刺) fence is built around the small house to keep cattle safe at night. Lions, leopards and hyenas prowl(覓食) around after dark. So the cattle would be easily killed and eaten.
When Mboto grows up into a man, he will become a true Masai warrior(勇士). He will have to join other warriors in the strange custom of drinking blood. The blood is taken from the neck of one of their cattle. It is mixed with milk and together with meat. It becomes the main food for the men.
The Masai have lived this way for thousands of years. The only change that seems to have affected their lives is the use of the transistor(晶體管) radio. It is quite common to see a young warrior with a pair of earphones listening to music while has is with his cattle.
1.The underlined word plastered in the first paragraph means______.
A. painted B. covered all over C. put up D. dotted
2.What do the Masai spend most of their time doing?
A. Hunting B. Fighting against wild animals C. Grazing their cattle D. Building small houses
3.It can be learned from the text that______.
A. a Masai warrior drinks blood mixed with milk B. Mboto is a strong Masai warrior
C. a thorn fence is built to keep the cattle out
D. the Masai has nearly a thousand years of history
4.Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A. The Masai wander over the rolling African grasslands.
B. A Masai‘s simple house has a small opening as a door to allow a person to enter.
C. A Masai‘s simple house is made of branches and strong sticks.
D. Modern inventions don‘t affect the Masai‘s lives at all.
第二篇：
This incident occurred one morning outside Albert Schweizer‘s hospital in the African jungle. A patient had gone fishing in another man‘s boat. The owner of the boat thought he should be given all the fish that were caught. Dr. Schweizer said to the boat owner;
―You are right because the other man ought to have asked permission to use your boat. But you are wrong because you are careless and lazy. You merely twisted the chain of your canoe round a palm tree instead of fastening it with a padlock. Of laziness you are guilty because you were asleep in your hut on this moonlit night instead of making use of the good chance for fishing.‖
He turned to the patient: ―But you were in the wrong when you took the boat without asking the owner‘s permission. You were in the right because you were not so lazy as he was and you did want to let the moonlit night go by without making some use of it.‖
Dr. Schwerzer divided the catch among the fisher-man, the boat owner, and the hospital.
1. Dr. Schweizer settled the argument because ______.
A. he was the judge there B. it took place at his hospital C. he wanted some of the fish. D. he wanted to help the patient
2. The final judgment was the ______.
A. all the fish should go to the patient
B. the fish should go to the owner of the canoe C. the fish should be destroyed
D. everyone involved should get a third of the fish
3. The best title for this selection is ______. A. The Argument B. A Wise Man‘s Decision C. The Thief D. Right and wrong
第三篇：
Olaf Stapledon wrote a book called First and last Men, in which he looked millions of years ahead. He told of different men and of strange civilizations(文明), broken up by long ‗dark ages‘’in between. In his view, what is called the present time is no more than a moment in human history and we are just the First Men. In 2000 million years from now there will be the Eighteenth or Last Men.
However, most of our ideas about the future are really very short-sighted. Perhaps we can see some possibilities for the next fifty years. But the next hundred/the next thousand/the next million? That‘s much more difficult.
When men and women lived by hunting 50000 years ago, how could they have even begun to picture modern life? Yet to men of 50000 years from now, we may seem as primitive(原始的) in our ideas as the Stone-Age hunters did to us. Perhaps they will spend their days gollocking to make new spundels, or struggling with their ballalators through the cribe. These words, which I have just made up, have to stand for things and ideas that we simply can‘t think of.
So why bother(困擾) even to try imagining life far in the future? Here are two reasons. First, unless we remember how short our own lives are compared with whole human history, we are likely to think our own interests are much more important than they really are. If we make the earth a poor place to live on because we are careless or greedy(貪婪) or quarrelsome, our grandchildren will not bother to think of excuse for us.
Second, by trying to escape from present interests and imagine life far in the future, we may arrive at quite fresh ideas that we can use ourselves. For example, if we imagine that in the future man may give up farming, we can think of trying it now. So set your imagination free when you think about the future.
1.A particular mention made of Stapledon‘s book in the opening paragraph______.
A. serves as a description of human history
B. serves as an introction to the discussion
C. shows a disagreement of view
D. shows the popularity of the book
2.The text discusses men and woman 50000 yeas ago and 50000 years from now in order to show that______.
A. human history is extremely long B. life has changed a great deal
C. it is useless to plan for the next 50 years
D. it is difficult to tell what will happen in the future
3.The underlined words in the third paragraph are used in the text to refer to______.
A. the tools used in farming B. the ideas about modern life
C. the unknown things in the future D. the hunting skills in the Stone Age
4.According to the writer of the text, imagining the future will______.
A. serve the interests of the present and future generations
B. enable us to better understand human history
C. help us to improve farming D. make life worth living
>>>>>>參考答案<<<<<<
第一篇：B C A D
第二篇：B D B
第三篇：B D C A
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