高考英语阅读理解精讲
1. 2021全国高考英语一卷D篇阅读理解辨析
2021全国高考英语一卷D篇阅读理解
试题文本第一段:Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
原文节选第一段对照:Popularization has in some cases distorted the original scientific definition of emotional intelligence. Many people now equate emotional intelligence with almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and "people skills." Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
1. 本段关键信息词汇:changed, popularization, original, misunderstand, makeup, far beyond, skill-based,but,
a. Popularization: 为大众所普遍接受的(对普通公众有吸引力的行为、或者现象)
b.makeup: 取含义 (N-UNCOUNT 天性;性格)Some-one's make-up is their nature and the various qualities in their character.
There was some fatal flaw in his makeup, and as time went on he lapsed into long silences or became off-hand.
他的性格有致命的缺陷,随着时间的推移,他陷入了久久的沉默,或者变得漠然。
2. 黑体词部分从语篇思维角度可能会是影响阅读理解的关键词,也可能是命题题点所需要支持的信息词。
32.What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.
B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills.
D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
本题题干提问信息词汇:misunderstanding。相对应上面2提到的阅读以及命题关键词:misunderstood。本题的四个选项对这一部分进行了paraphrase,干扰项把原文信息进行了相反的paraphrase,正确项貌似对信息almost everything desirable 进行了paraphrase:It refers to a person’s positive qualities.但事实上,desirable 和positive 是两个具有不同性质的修饰类形容词。两者严谨来讲不能同指同一事物。此处,答案选择D。
文本第一段命题人修改了两个信息词distorted—changed;equate—misunderstood。这两对词汇的替换是否恰当,供读者们探讨。本观点认为有欠妥当,因为欠妥当,引起32题的设计结合原文让人感觉不地道。Distort相似与misunderstood,而equate和misunderstood基本很难语义相关。
考试文本第二段:We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
We prefer to define emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either prosocial or antisocial purposes. The ability to accurately perceive how others are feeling may be used by a therapist to gauge how best to help her clients, whereas a con artist might use it to manipulate potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one an ethical person.
1.标色部分为“第二段”的试题文本和原文改动词汇对比。试题文本被认为在此处划分了另一段落。是否符合语篇写作形式逻辑,需要从写作技巧上进行具体分析。
2.事实上,define无需改为describe。Prosocial or antisocial purposes改为good or bad purposes已经改变了,原作者的写作意图,两者含义区别很大,会给读者造成一定的思维干扰。perceive,understand,know这样的替换还是可以的。therapist/doctor,gauge/find, client/ patient,whereas/while, con artist/cheater的替换也可以接受。Ethical 应该是课标词汇,无需修改。
3.“The ability< to accurately understand how others are feeling >may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. ”这是一个复杂句子,the ability 指上文提到的emotional intelligence所代表的能力。The ability may be used by a doctor to find...whereas (此处还是觉得原词更好)表示“指定性转折对比”,医生可以用以对症治疗,骗子也可能拿来行骗。得出结论:有情商的人群可能是具有两面性的分类人群。
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
此题属于细节理解题。理解了原文信息就可以读懂题干。但是选项信息区别性不是太大,命题人从主观角度给出D为标准答案。比较起来,D为最佳。AC并没有原则上的非正确性的信息支持。
考试文本第三段:Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, ecators and others interested in promoting social well-being.
原文对照:Although popular claims regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers, ecators and others interested in promoting social welfare.
1. Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.
虽然关于情商的流行(大众化)观点远远超出了研究所能提供的合理支持(论证),但宣传的总体效果是利大于弊。
a.run far ahead of :远远跑在前面。此处语境指“远远超过”。
b.publicity n.(媒体的)关注,宣传,报道;宣传业;广告宣传工作;传播工作
2. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers, ecators and others interested in promoting social welfare.
这种普及(媒体宣传形成的人们的普遍认知)最积极的方面是雇主、教育工作者和其他关心促进社会福利的人对情感的一种新的和急需的强化。
试题文本第四段:
The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
原文对照:The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and research psychology reevaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve humans adaptively in everyday life.
此处research psychology/researchers,humans/people的替换意义不是很大,原文词汇更加贴切达意。
1.The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped boththe public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.情商的普及帮助公众和研究者重新评估情感的功能以及它们如何在日常生活中适应性地为人们服务。
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
询问作者情感态度的试题一般可以通过文章信息获得答案。文本3.4段表明作者的态度是肯定的。
试题文本第五段:
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
1. Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.
虽然情绪智力的持续流行的吸引力是可取的,我们希望这种关注将激发对情绪的科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。
2. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 视角) from which to study how people manage their lives.
我们希望在未来的几十年里,科学的进步将提供新的视角以此来研究人们如何管理(引领)自己的生活。此处,原文当中的navigate要比修改后的manage更能表达意义。
3.Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
情商,以其对头脑和心灵的关注,可能会为我们指明正确的方向。
原文对照:
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is both warranted and desirable, we hope that such attention will stimulate a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in cognitive and affective science will offer intertwining perspectives from which to study how people navigate their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may adequately serve to point us in the right direction.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
此题的命题点属于对段落大意进行概括,关联关键词“hope,will,may”, 链接答案中的expectations。D项的语言表述是有问题的。B项可以改为:Expectations for future studies on it. C项可以改为:The practical application on it.
总结:本文是节选。文章基本表意完整。选取这一部分视角和普通关于情商的认知有一定的差异性。也正是这种认知差异性使得本文通过英语传达的思想略有难度。文本有一些复杂句,但整体句式整齐,没有偏怪句式,不会产生明显的句式语言障碍。当然,也会对学生的基本语法习得情况有一定的区分度。试题命制中规中矩。试题文本被命题人划分为5段,从文法角度是否严谨科学有待考证。建议语篇分析此文时酌情科学进行。
试卷试题:
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, ecators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
32.What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.
B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills.
D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is both warranted and desirable, we hope that such attention will stimulate a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable.B. Intolerant.C. Doubtful.D. Unclear.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
原文链接:http://eqi.org/salov2.htm Wechat Official Account: FreedomWriter
节选原文:Popularization has in some cases distorted the original scientific definition of emotional intelligence. Many people now equate emotional intelligence with almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and "people skills." Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence. We prefer to define emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either prosocial or antisocial purposes. The ability to accurately perceive how others are feeling may be used by a therapist to gauge how best to help her clients, whereas a con artist might use it to manipulate potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one an ethical person.
Although popular claims regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers, ecators and others interested in promoting social welfare. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and research psychology reevaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve humans adaptively in everyday life. Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is both warranted and desirable, we hope that such attention will stimulate a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in cognitive and affective science will offer intertwining perspectives from which to study how people navigate their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may adequately serve to point us in the right direction
2. 高考英语阅读基本分类
你在为自己的高考 英语阅读 感到烦恼吗?其实想要掌握阅读 方法 ,首先要了解阅读的基本分类。下面是我为大家整理的关于高考英语阅读基本分类,希望对您有所帮助。
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高考英语阅读基本分类
一、阅读是获得更综合、更复杂、更精确信息的必要手段,考生在做阅读理解时,不仅要看懂 文章 的字面意思,还需要针对不同题材和体裁的篇目运用不同的方法作出正确的选择。一般来说,词汇、阅读速度和理解能力是阅读理解中三个最重要且有相互联系的因素。
1、阅读的方法可以使用以下几种:
(1)跳读:就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有选择阅读,找关键词。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效。
(2)略读:指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。即泛泛地、粗略地 快速阅读 ,目的是了解大意,对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答why、how之类的问题。
(3)精读:即最细致、最慢的深层阅读方法,目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。
2、在使用阅读技巧时尽量做到以下几点:
(1)带着问题阅读短文。
(2)找出主题句、确定中心思想。
(3)推断单词、 句子 和文章的含义。
(4)尽快选择答案。
二、不同体裁文章的特点
1、 记叙文
记叙文又可分传记类和 故事 类。
传记类文章在阅读中时间是全文的关键,根据时间我们可以找到相关的事件,抓住文章的主要内容。
故事类文章情节性较强,阅读时要注意故事中的时间、地点、人物和发生的事件,这些都是文章中的主要内容和信息,对于准确理解文章十分重要。
2、 说明文
说明文是对事物的形状、性质、特征、成果或功用等进行介绍,解释或阐述的文章。把握所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键。说明事物特征的方法很多,主要有定义法、解释法、比较法、比喻法、数字法、图表法、引用法和举例法等。
(1)数字说明文
在阅读数字说明文时要特别注意文中数字的含义,从这些数字中可以找到文章的主要内容。
(2)解释说明文
解释说明文着重说明事物的本质、特征和功用等。许多科普文章都属于这一类。在阅读这类文章时要学会解决what, how, why 等一类的问题。它们是文章的关键。如能带着这些问题阅读,将会更迅速抓住文章的主题。
(3)比较说明文
比较说明文是通过对比方法说明问题。在阅读这类文章时要善于把握全篇陈述的基本倾向。作者在谈论一个有争议的问题时总要顾及到争议的各个方面。但是,在一般情况下,作者的陈述总要倾向于某一种观点。
3、应用文
应用文涉及的范围比较广,包括 广告 、通知、书信等。应用文一般语言简洁,省略及不规范的句子较多。阅读时一般要求考生全面掌握文章中提供的信息,并运用这些信息去解决问题。因此对题干的理解尤为重要。
阅读理解的考题分为客观理解题(是指在短文中客观存在的事实,客观信息的答案一般都可以在原文中找到。即理解文中的具体事实或抽象概念)和主观理解题(这类问题都不可能直接从原文中找到答案,须通过阅读文章对文章主旨和深层含义有更深理解,并据此进行判断和推理)。
其中细节理解题和猜测词义题属于客观题;主旨大意题和推理判断题属于主观题。
针对不同类型的题目,要在平时的练习过程中,结合具体的题目,给学生进行解题方法的指导和讲解。对于客观题,要提醒他们阅读时关注文章的细节,如时间,地点或一些具体数字,在选择答案时,务必从原文中找到确切的依据。
高考英语阅读理解技巧
一、先看题干,带着问题读文章。
即先看试题,再读文章。阅读题干,首先要掌握问题的类型,分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调,作者未加陈述的观点以及贯穿全文的中心主旨的理解等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位,再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比,有根有据地排除干扰项,选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率,节省了宝贵的时间。特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。
二、速读全文,了解大意知主题。
阅读的目的是获取信息。一个人的阅读能力的高低决定了他能否快速高效吸收有用信息。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力。没有一定的阅读速度就不能顺利地输入信息,更谈不上运用英语。近几年的高考阅读速度大约是每分钟40个词左右。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。
抓主题句这是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾。用归纳法撰写的文章,都是表述细节的句子在前,概述性的句子居后。此时主题句就是文章的最后一句。通常用演绎法撰写的文章,大都遵循从一般到个别的写作程序,即从概述开始,随之辅以细说。这时,主题句就是文章的第一句。当然也有些文章没有主题句,需要读者自己去归纳。主题句往往对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用,主旨大意题,归纳概括题,中心思想题往往直接可从主题句中找到答案。
三、详读细节,理顺思路与文章脉络。
文章绝不是互不相干的句子杂乱无章的堆砌。作者为文,有脉可循。如记叙文多以人物为中心,以时间或空间为线索,按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事;论述体则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素,通过解释、举例来阐述观点。你可根据文章的特点,详读细节,以动词、时间、地点、事件、因果等为线索,找出关键词语,运用,画图列表法,,勾画出一幅完整清晰的文章主题和细节的认知图。
高考英语考试答题时间分配
1、听力:20分钟
听力后句比前句重要,回答比提问重要。若选项中个别单词或 短语 被明显播读,此项多为错项。 同义词 替换选项,正确可能性大。
2、阅读:30分钟
审题时注意题干有没有特殊的副词或形容词。定位尽量选两个词,回避全文核心词。
3、完形填空:15分钟
从答案出发,再到文章。通常为 议论文 ,着眼每个小标题。小标题就可以决定选项。先纵观全文大意。选择答案,如果遇上不会的单词,从会的单词排除。通常高考英语的完形填空不存在词性的选择,选项的词性基本保持一致的。
4、七选五:10分钟
从答案出发,再到文章,通常为议论文,着眼每个小标题,小标题就可以决定选项。
5、改错:10分钟
改错通常有以下几种情况:名词单复数用错、动词时态错误、介词的多余或缺失、第三人称单数漏掉s、就近原则对主语的影响。
6、 作文 :35分钟
明确自己要写的作文的体裁,一定要抓住文章的体裁,建立自己的写作格式; 明确写作中所运用的时态,在写作时首先就要敲定作文的基调,定好时态;明确作文的表达内容和顺序,要在作文中做到主次分明、表达准确、承上启下,不给人一种泛泛而谈、模糊而凌乱的感觉。
高考英语阅读基本分类相关文章:
★ 高考英语复习规划:高考英语阅读理解考点解析
★ 高考英语阅读理解答题技巧
★ 高考英语阅读理解训练附答案讲解
★ 高考英语阅读理解的复习策略
★ 高考英语阅读理解练习题及参考答案
var _hmt = _hmt || []; (function() { var hm = document.createElement("script"); hm.src = "https://hm..com/hm.js?"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(hm, s); })();3. 英语阅读理解的题型
英语阅读理解的题型
作为高考英语试卷中题量最大、分值最多、难度最高的题型,高考英语阅读理解题在整个高中英语中至关重要。下面我整理了高考英语阅读理解的常见题型以及解题方法,大家一起来看一下吧!
【高考英语阅读理解常见题型及解题方法】
一、主旨大意题
主旨大意题主要考查学生对所读材料(或所读材料片断)中心思想的概括。做这类题时,考生应通读全文,把握文章大意或中心思想,同时注意文章的主题句,因为主题句表达中心思想,其他句子均围绕主题句进行展开。主题句通常位于文章第一段首句、第一段末句或全文末句等地方,但位于段落中间(通常是第一段或最后一段的中间)也是完全可能的。主旨大意题的考查形式很多,如概括标题、主题、段意、中心思想等。请看浙江卷中的一个段落:
In the course of working my way through school, I took many jobs I would rather forget. But none of these jobs was as dreadful as my job in an apple plant. The work was hard; the pay was poor; and, most of all, the working conditions were terrible.
◎What is the subject discussed in the text?
A. The writer’s unhappy school life
B. The writer’s eagerness to earn money
C. The writer’s experience as a full-time worker
D. The writer’s hard work in an apple plant
原文共有五个自然段,上面摘录的只是文章的第1个自然段,但是如果考生训练有素的话,只要读完这个段落就可猜出此题的答案了。因为文章第一句说In the course of working my way through school, I took many jobs I would rather forget,接着作者用but引出一个新的情况(即主题句):none of these jobs was as dreadful as my job in an apple plant. 再接下来又说:The work was hard; the pay was poor; and, most of all, the working conditions were terrible. 聪明的读者至此应该可以猜测到,下面的几个段落肯定是介绍这个apple plant 的work是如何的hard,它的pay是如何的poor,它的working conditions 是如何的terrible 等。比较四个选项,只有选项D所表述内容合乎上面的分析,故选D。
二、事实细节题
顾名思义,事实细节题即指针对文章的某个事实或细节而设置的试题。事实细节题的命题方法很多,如可能是对某个细节用同义结构转换后进行考查、也可能是将文章中的几个细节(通常是四个)放在一起要求考生判断是非(选出正确的一项或选出错误的一项)或对几个细节进行排序等。解答这类试题时,一个常用的方法就是运用定位法,即根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子,与选项进行比较从而确定答案(此时要特别注意一些常见的同义转换或简单换算)。请看安徽卷中的一道事实细节题:
Tuition Fees(学费)
Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: [email protected]
Accommodation(住宿)
You can have a room in a 4-bedrcom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: [email protected]
◎You have to pay at least ______ a year if you study at the University of Waikato.
A. $5,250 B. $8,000 C. $9,000 D. $11,000
根据Tuition fees一节的内容可知,一年的学费最低为5,000美元,再根据Accommodation(住宿)一节可知,除学费外,还有住宿费(每月100美元)和生活费(每月150美元),即一年大约共3,000美元,所以在WaiKato大学读书一年至少要花费5,000+3,000=8,000美元,故答案为B。
三、代词指代题
这类题要求考生根据一定的上下文推测代词的指代意义,它主要考查考生在一定语境中对上下文逻辑关系的正确理解。做这类题时,考生不仅要读懂相关句子的句意,理顺相关句子的逻辑关系,而且还要学会合理变通,尤其要学会变通理解其中的`同义表达。请看天津卷中的一个片断和一个道词义猜测题:
Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time. Indeed, it would be strange if they had not done this. Nothing in such statements supports the idea that there is anything very different about the problem solving that leads to discoveries of the great contributions to the society. The act of discovery, even in the relatively predictable(可以预见的) sense that it occurs in everyday learning, involves(涉及) a “sudden insight” which changes the problem situation into a solution situation. As we have seen, everyday discovery also requires that the learner have the knowledge of the rules gained in the past, which is involved in the solution.
◎What does the underlined word “this” refer to?
A. Great contributions to the society.
B. Long-time study of the subject matter.
C. Various statements about problem solving.
D. Complete devotion to artistic creation.
此题答案选B。答案的直接依据是文章中的Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time. Indeed, it would be strange if they had not done this 这两句话。从句意和句子结构上看,this在此指代的应是they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time,比较四个选项,只有B与之吻合,因为选项中的long-time与原文中的over fairly long periods of time属同义表达,选项中的study of the subject matter 与原文中的devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem属同义表达。
四、词义猜测题
即要求考生根据一定的上下文猜测生词的词义。它是高考英语阅读理解中的一个难点,同学们应引起充分重视。猜测生词词义的方法很多,常用的有同义解释法、因果推断法、前后对比法、基本构词法、语境理解法、举例说明法、常识背景法、类属分析法等。请看安徽卷中一道词义猜测题:
More American people take their troubles with them on holiday, according to a new survey. Although 40 percent said that the main reason for going away is to escape pressure(压力) from work, almost all said they worry more than they do at home. Only four in every 100 said that they are happy and free of care.
◎The underlined word “survey” in the first paragraph most probably means ______.
A. research B. review C. exhibition D. examination
此题答案选A。比较四个选项,同时结合常识,文中所提到的事实和数据应该是“调查和研究”得出的(其他几个选项可排除)。
五、推理判断题
即要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上,作出一定的判断和推理,从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题,做这类题目时,同学们应严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气等,找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语,然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断,从而得出符合逻辑的结论。此时应特别注意:当问及作者的看法、意图与态度时,不要误认为是在问“你”(考生)的想法,而是作者本人在字里行间所表述的观点。请看全国卷中的一个段落:
Now the task I face in harvesting the fruit is twofold: First, I have to find the red ones among the leaves, which means I almost have to stand on my head, and once found I have to reach down and under, pick the tomatoes and withdraw(缩回) my full fist without dropping the prize so dearly won. I found two full-blown white roses completely hidden as I picked tomatoes in June, but they were weak and the leaves already yellow for lack of light.
◎By saying “the prize so dearly won” in paragraph 5, the writer wants to ______.
A. show the difficulty in picking the tomatoes
B. show the hardship of growing the roses
C. express her liking for the roses
D. express her care for the tomatoes
本文大意讲的是作者在春天偶然栽种的一棵西红柿长成后非常大,影响到园中的玫瑰花,作者在享受西红柿美味的同时,又难以割舍珍贵的玫瑰花,面对两种选择,作者举棋不定。
此题要求考生推测作者说the prize so dearly won的意图,属推理判断题。此题答案选A,其推理依据主要有以下几点:一是作者在第1句用了 the task一词,将摘西红柿看成是一项“任务”;二是作者在三个地方用了have to,表示摘西红柿不容易;三是作者还用了stand on my head, reach down and under…等夸张性用词,充分说明了摘西红柿的难度。比较四个选项,显然只有选项A最佳。
;4. 高中英语阅读理解解题技巧归纳
英语阅读理解是高中英语考试中的一个重要部分,那么如何解答阅读理解才可以得高分呢?下面是我分享的高中英语阅读理解解题技巧,一起来看看吧。
高中英语阅读理解解题技巧
1.细节题解题
细节题,顾名思义,就是指针对文章的某个细节而设置的试题。细节题的命题方法很多,如可能是对某个细节用同义结构转换后进行考查、也可能是将文章中的几个细节(通常是四个)放在一起要求考生判断是非(选出正确的一项或选出错误的一项)或对几个细节进行排序等。解答这类试题时,一个常用的方法就是运用定位法,即根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子,与选项进行比较从而确定答案(此时要特别注意一些常见的同义转换)。
(1)、关键信息定位法。这个主要是细节题,如涉及到数字(日期、时间、价格等),就可以在文章中快速圈出数字,再找出目标数字及相对应的细节作息,还有人物姓名、地点名词等等,其他的还包括一些提示情节发展,或条纲性关键字眼,如First, Next, Finally等等。
(2)、同义定位法。英文中可以用Paraphrase表示。同义定位就是指问题所用的关键词和文中的不一致,但属于同义性质,同义转换其实是在关键间的基础上拐了个弯。
2.推理题解题
推断题定义:在理解原文字面意思的基础上,通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示,做出一定的判断和推理,从而得到文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。
出现特征:在考题中经常出现的词有infer, imply, indicate, conclude, learn from, probably, most likely, prove /according to等。
3.主旨大意题解题
Topic/Title型-使用逆推法:
(1)、要在阅读原文基础上,仔细考虑选项是否与文章主题有密切联系
(2)、再看选项对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何
(3)、要注意题目是否过大或者过小
(4)、要避免下列三种错误:概括不够(多表现为部分代整体,导致范围过小)、过度概括(多表现为扩大范围)、以事实、细节代替抽象概括的大意。
4.词义句意题解题
要求考生通过阅读上下文,结合中学生应有的赏识来推测尚不熟悉的词或者词组的意思。出现特征:划线或者引号
解题方法:根据上下文,往往是本句中的同位关系进行猜测。
5.结构顺序题解题
解题思路:
(1)、注意主题段。主题段通常在文章的开头,简要概括文章的中心思想,
(2)、找出或者总结每段的主题句。主题句可能在段落的开头,也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。如何确定主题句的方法见主旨题之main idea型。
(3)、最后根据每段主题确定段与段之间的结构关系,承上启下,使文章行文连贯,逻辑严密。为突出主题,作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章,通过举例、比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。
高中英语阅读理解满分攻略
1.立足课文教学,训练阅读思维
通过以上对高考英语阅读理解题的分析,可以看出高考英语命题的趋势是“突出能力,侧重思维”。着重考查学生的观察、分析、对比、联想和判断等思维能力。所以,教学中我们应充分利用课文内容,对学生进行有效的阅读训练,提高其阅读能力。包括对文章中字词句的表层理解(包括辨认词义、句法结构等)以及对文章的结构、主旨进行分析与逻辑判断。从而深刻理解全文,并在此基础上引导站在新的高度上再读课文,领会文章中事件的背景和结局、主要人物的评析和作者的观点意图等。
2.拓宽英语阅读空间
尽管与以往相比,目前高中英语教科书所提供的阅读量有较大幅度的增加,但离大纲的要求还相距甚远,仅限于课文的阅读教学是远远不够的。所以,教师要精心选择、补充阅读材料,以拓宽阅读内容视角,增加阅读量。选择体裁多样(如叙述、描写、应用、说明、议论等文体皆可)、题材广泛(如社会政治经济、日常生活、史地常识、科普文章等)、篇幅适当、内涵丰富、难度适中的阅读材料。特别是具有时代感,异国文化背景浓厚的作品、科技动态、时事新闻等方面的文章,以获取新信息,增长新知识,形成新思维,以有利于语言知识的运用和阅读理解分析题的解答。
3.讲究阅读方法,掌握阅读技巧
高考阅读理解题内容多,时间紧,不仅需要学生具备扎实的基础知识,而且还需要较快的阅读速度。所以,阅读的方法和技巧就显得非常重要。依据前面对高考英语阅读理解题的分析,我们在平时的教学和训练中,必须重视阅读的方法和技巧的生成。如引导学生寻找主题句;养成辨认和记忆具体事实、重要细节的习惯;学会运用构词法、语境等推测关键词义;利用语法过渡词、语气转折词及时态等,把握文章脉络,进行逻辑推理和判断等。
高中英语成绩提高的方法
词汇
单词是基本功,如果单词不过关,英语想考高分真的很困难,那么单词该怎么背,背到什么程度算合格呢?最起码把高考英语考试大纲要求的词汇全部背诵下来,如果还有精力可以再背一些四六级词汇,有计划地去背。
背单词有很多简单的方法,最好不要去死记硬背,通过词根词缀、读音、联想等多种方法形象地去记忆单词效果最佳,而且不容易遗忘。背单词还可以通过语境去记忆,在阅读中遇到不会的单词多留心,见过几次印象就深刻了,自然也就记住了。
听力
对于全国卷来说,英语听力是不计入高考总分的,但是考小语种专业的考生会考虑英语听力成绩,所以如果想把听力学好,也要下一番功夫。
听力需要逐项去训练,第一是听写,就是听一篇短文,把所有听到的内容都写上;第二是精听,听短文主要内容,通过反复训练找到要听的重点信息。
阅读
高考阅读题是英语分值非常高的一部分,有人说得阅读者得天下,足见阅读的重要性。英语阅读很关键的就是长难句与翻译,如果真正读懂短文讲什么内容,英语阅读题也就会做了。
做阅读时要带着问题去读短文,对照原文找答案,有一些带有明显标志性词汇要重点看,同时要做好答案定位,这样准确率才高。英语阅读有一些明显的错误项要排除,错误选项一般都有一定的标志性。
写作
高考英语作文也是一个很拉分的部分,首先作文字迹一定要工整,其次英语作文一定不要出现低级的语法错误。即使你不会用高级语法也别乱写一些错误句子,让人一看就很不专业。作文字数要在规定范围内,绝对不能低于要求字数,也不要多出太多。
5. 2018年11月浙江高考英语阅读B篇分析
摘要
高考英语试题整体题型结构当中,阅读理解回答问题(包括本文将要评述的阅读理解四选一试题)占据高考试卷相当的比例。一线教学当中也会使用此类试题作为评价英语学习的方式,那么如何判断一篇英语阅读理解试题的优劣呢?本文以2819年11月浙江高考英语阅读理解B篇作为实例来进行客观分析。
文章首句22个词。并非是一个短句。而且句中没有生僻词汇,也没有复杂句式。但是却没有出现本文的主题词汇summer vacation 。却巧妙地运用了forget about classroom bells and set off for grandparents homes, sleep-away camps and lifeguard stands这样的描述,引出了下面可能的主题。此处正常来说不会设立命题点,因为单从本句看,没有命题点需要的支撑信息。甚至读者也可以跃过此句直接阅读下文,因为接下来的but summer vacation 提示主题内容开始描述了。首句中可以通过阅读学习的短语为forget about ,set off for,sleep-away camps,life guard stands。假如此处欲命题的话可以命制一个简单推断题,但是干扰项不好设计。而此句在写作情感上属于比较欢快的文字,用于句首平衡了文章在语意上的表达风格。
接下来But引出的转折意义并非是首句的直接转折而是引出本文的核心阐述脉络。以三个关键转折时间点为依托,突出summer vacation 的发展历程,以及每一个阶段的特点。也就是说从此处开始文章主要以时间顺序来描述。层层递进。
第一个时间点Before the civil war ,关键信息neither of which included a summer vacation ,rural ,urban……。此处命题人命制24题:
24. What did the rural school calendar before the Civil War allow children to do?
A. Enjoy a summer vacation.
B. Take a break each quarter.
C. Have 48 weeks of study a year.
D. Assist their parents with farm work.
本套试卷阅读理解部分命题人均采用了问答式提问。大约看了一下提问风格,没有特别的测试学角度意义,应该只是命题人的个人喜好而已。本题题干部分信息很完整了,个人甚至认为因为题干信息提示过多,这条题目的干扰项会是一种“倾向于绕脑的考查”,而不是纯粹的对文章主题信息的理解程度的考查。看选项,BC项是描述当时的urban school 相应情况的,所以题干限制在rural上,A项的设置还是比较好的,有对于文中信息neither of which 部分的一个理解误判的可能性。答案是D项。
接下来是时间标志词in the 1840s,而命题人也是根据三个时间发展段的相关信息来设计命题点的。文章脉络没有特殊分析价值,看试题25题干依然是全包含具体信息题干,关键词ecational reformers ,in the 1840s,基本就完全制约限制了读者的思维,只需要根据提示回读原文信息即可。此题的特点是,选项B项的设置为原文信息第一段Rural(农村的)schooling was divided into summer and winter terms, leaving kids free to help with the farm work in the spring planting and fall harvest seasons.和本段中that rural schooling was not enough ,甚至可以说直接根据后者就可以否定,这种干扰项命题方式属于民间所说的原文信息反面paraphrase ,既然not enough,自然不能再shortenen 了,此干扰项的设置还可以算作阅读理解范围内的可能误判而出现的信息误差点,尽管选项内容和题干内容的信息提示都过度具体,但是可以接受。C项在原文信息链中是不存在相关信息支持的。从原文介绍summer vacation 到此处promote the study of farming,基本没有逻辑和思维关联性。原文提示farming calendar 是改革的措施之一。D项也是“张冠李戴”式的干扰项设置,原文it offered a rest for teachers,而rest则在summer vacation 的信息链条上。这就是信息链条紧密结合相关主题的阅读模式,可以有助于此类阅读理解命题的理解和解答。答案A。A项的确认可以从文章发展脉络以及第二段整体信息可以推测出来,也就是“先无后有”,而通过常识也知道summer vacation 是存在的了。
25. What did the ecational reformers do in the 1840s?
A. They introced summer vacation.
B. They shortened rural school terms.
C. They promoted the study of farming.
D. They advocated higher pay for teachers.
按照时间发展顺序看接下来一段信息,modern age,为了便于直观理解把本段内容复制过来:But people's opinion about the modern U.S.school year, which averages 180 days,is still divided. Some experts say its pleasant but lazy summer break, which took hold in the early 20th century, is one of the reasons math skills and graation rates of U.S. high schoolers ranked well below average in two international ecation reports published in 2007. Others insist that with children under increasing pressure to devote their downtime to internships(实习)or study, there's still room for an institution that protects the lazy days of childhood.看段落衔接词But从语篇分析角度这是一个对于之前信息的转折,也就是说,上面的信息内容传递的核心含义在此段会有转折性的表述,此处以people’s opinion 的形式出现,而首句中的180days,school year暗示假期也是180days,根据逻辑解读判断,此假期时间是比较长的。而此句当中divided的运用说明相关观点是有分歧的,所以26题当中提到了some people unhappy 也就是其中一部分人的观点。看接下来的一个长句Some experts say its pleasant but lazy summer break, which took hold in the early 20th century, is one of the reasons math skills and graation rates of U.S. high schoolers ranked well below average in two international ecation reports published in 2007. 首先作者采用了expers的观点,且提到了two international ecation reports published in 2007,作者如此写作的目的是为了证明观点的权威性,增加可信度。pleasant but lazy 即可以根据紧接着的举例而肯定所要强调的是lazy带来的后果。此句尽管略长,但没有影响阅读的生僻词汇和句式,所以基本可以掌握传递的信息。到此处可以完成26题:
26. Why are some people unhappy about the modern U. S. school year?
A. It pushes the teachers too hard.
B. It reces the quality of ecation
C. It ignores science instruction.
D. It includes no time for internships.
因为接下来文章最后的观点属于解决问题的办法,所以和26题关联不大。此题的作答最佳方法就是直接从题目到原文到正确答案。不要细致琢磨干扰项,因为正确答案可以直接判断,防止被干扰和节约作答时间。答案为B。
简要总结:
本文文本选取还是可以的,内容为中学生相关,且具有跨文化差异性,可以辅助了解美国中学summer vacation 的相关信息。文章写作风格比较平铺直叙,按照时间顺序进行罗列,因此结构比较清晰,围绕核心话题论述比较紧凑,信息链明确。但由于文章风格是细节描述非常多,所以留给读者的深层次阅读和推理审辨阅读理解的空间不大。命题人全部设置了完全细节问答模式,把阅读者思维限制在局限范围内。题目设置优点在于干扰项的设置,大多比较巧妙(通俗说比较绕),避免了细节题目可能的弱干扰或者无效干扰。本篇作答特点是题干——原文——正确答案。尽量减少在干扰项上的徘徊。
6. 高考英语阅读翻译
高考英语阅读翻译
高考英语阅读理解着重检测考生对语篇的整体把握能力、根据所提供的语境进行语篇分析的能力以及综合利用有效信息解决实际问题的能力。下面是我给大家准备的高考英语阅读理解的练习题及答案解析,一起来练习一下吧!
第一篇:
Holidaymakers who are bored with baking beaches and overheated hotel rooms head for a big igloo. Swedish businessman Nile Bergqvist is delighted with his new hotel, the world’s first igloo hotel. Built in a small town in Lapland, it has been attracting lots of visitors, but soon the fun will be over.
In two weeks?time Bergqvist’s ice creation(作品) will be nothing more than a pool of water. “We don’t see it as a big problem,” he says. “We just look forward to replacing it.”
Bergqvist built his first igloo in 1991 for an art exhibition. It was so successful that he designed the present one, which measures roughly 200 square meters. Six workmen spent more than eight weeks piling 1,000 tons of snow onto a wooden base; when the snow froze, the base was removed. “The only wooden thing we have left in the igloo is the front door,” he says.
After their stay, all visitors receive a survival certificate recording their success. With no windows, nowhere to hang clothes and temperatures below 0℃, it may seem more like a survival test than a relaxing(轻松的) hotel break. “It’s great fun,” Bergqvist explains, “As well as a good start in survival training.”
The popularity of the igloo is beyond doubt: it is now attracting tourists from all over the world. At least 800 people have stayed at the igloo this season even though there are only 10 rooms. “You can get a lot of people in,” explains Bergqvist. “The beds are three meters wide by two meters long, and can fit at least four at one time.”
1. Bergqvist designed and built the world’s first igloo hotel because ________.
A. he believed people would enjoy trying something new
B. he wanted to make a name for the small town
C. an art exhibition was about to open
D. more hotel rooms were needed
2. When the writer says “the fun will be over,” he refers to the fact that ________.
A. hotel guests will be frightened at thought of the hard test
B. Bergqvist’s hotel will soon become a pool of water
C. holidaymakers will soon get tired of the big igloo
D. a bigger igloo will replace the present one
3. according to the text, the first thing to do in building an igloo is ________.
A. to gather a pool of water B. to prepare a wooden base
C. to cover the ground with ice D. to pile a large amount of snow
4. When guests leave the igloo hotel they will receive a paper stating that ________.
A. they have visited Lapland
B. They have had an ice-snow holiday
C. they have had great fun sleeping on ice
D. they have had a taste of adventure
第二篇:
Since 1984, Philadelphia has been cleaning up its act. One by one, graffiti-covered walls are being changed into outdoor art. So far, more than 1,800 murals (壁画) have been painted.Philadelphia now has more murals than any other American city.
The walls that were once ugly with graffiti (涂鸦) are now covered with beautiful pictures of historical heroes and modern art, thanks to the Mural Arts Program (MAP). Its work makes schools and public places attractive, and its citizens very proud. The program began as part of Philadelphia's Anti-Graffiti Network. Jane Golden is the MAP's artistic director. “When people ask me what our program is about,” she says, “I answer them with one word: hope”. Each year, the MAP offers youth art programs and workshops. Some one??time graffiti writers even help paint MAP murals.
The MAP's work, says Golden, is all about developing a sense of community (社区). When a neighborhood requests a mural, the MAP works with the people there to develop a message. Some messages have been “Safe Streets”, “Love and Care”, and “Peace Walk”.
The MAP receives up to 50 requests for murals each week. Last year, the workers painted 140 murals.
“The making of a mural enters people's collective memory as an extraordinary, pleasant moment in neighborhood history.” says Golden, who began as a muralist in Los Angeles.
1.What can be the best title for the text?
A.Love, from Graffiti Writers to Muralists
B.MAP, a New Company in Philadelphia
C.Jane, an Excellent Mural Artist
D.Hope, One Wall at a Time
2.What is the Mural Arts Program in Philadelphia aimed at?
A.Helping the young find jobs.
B.Protecting the neighborhood.
C.Fighting against graffiti.
D.Attracting more visitors.
3.How does the MAP decide on the message for a mural?
A.By having discussions with people in the community.
B.By seeking advice from the city government.
C.By learning from the young graffiti writers.
D.By studying the history of the city.
4.Which of the following words best describes the work of the MAP?
A.Difficult.
B.Dangerous.
C.Experimental.
D.Successful.
>>>>>>答案解析<<<<<<
第一篇:
【答案与解析】这是一篇介绍度假雪屋如何应运而生的文章。
1. A。由文中第1句 Holidaymakers who are bored with baking beaches and overheated hotel rooms head for a big igloo. (那些对在沙滩上晒太阳或对过热的旅店房间感到厌倦的度假人现在去雪屋度假)可以推断人们总是喜欢新鲜事物,应选 A。
2. B。这道题考查考生的思维能力和生活常识。既然是雪屋,总归是要融化的,所以第二段第一句话 In two weeks’ time Bergqvist’s ice creation will be nothing more than a pool of water 是对 soon the fun will be over 的诠释。
3. B。文中第三段提及“6个工人花了8周时间将1000吨雪堆在木头基础上;当这些雪冻结之后,再将这里的基础移走”,可见应先准备木头搭建的`基础。
4. D。由文中第四段第一句话 After their stay, all visitors receive a survival certificate recording their success.(所有的来访者在离开之前都可得到一张记载他们在此生存成功的证书)。
5. A。B 项不符合文意是因为它的墙壁上留有窗,C 项不符合文意是因为雪屋造好后未将基础移走,D 项不符合文意是因为惟一的木门不见,故应选 A。
第二篇:
1.D主旨大意题。根据第二段Jane Golden的话可知,当人们问及该项目是关于什么的时候,她用一个词来概括,即Hope,故D项为最佳标题。
2.C推理判断题。根据第一、二段,昔日曾经被涂鸦的墙壁正被美丽的壁画所覆盖,以使社区更具魅力,因此对抗涂鸦应是该项目的目的。
3.A细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知,当社区的居民请求画一张壁画时,该项目的工作人员就和当地的人们一起工作来拟定出一个主题,故选A项。
4.D推理判断题。根据第一段及倒数第二段可知,该项目很成功,故选D项。
;7. 英语阅读理解技巧与实践
英语阅读理解技巧与实践
如果是说考场上的话,阅读因为是有四篇,再加七选五。阅读整体上而言,比如说这40分能不能拿到手,其实有一些优秀的孩子,他们完全可以拿满分的。下面我给大家提供高考英语阅读理解的答题技巧和一些实践练习,一起来看一下吧!
【高考英语阅读理解答题技巧】
第一、这些学生你会发现他本身的词汇量基础是很大的,虽然阅读考查很多能力,比如说你掌握信息的能力、阅读速度,阅读速度也是考查之一。另外,比如说你推断的能力、概括的能力,这些都是阅读题考查的,但是其实最最重要的还是学生的词汇量基础如何。就是如果你的词汇量、你的阅读理解能力很强,所以阅读这一块应该不会成为太大的问题。
当然这应该是我们在高一、高二、高三这三年的过程中不断训练的。但是在高考的考场上来说,阅读这部分,如果我们想尽可能少的失分,因为毕竟每道题两分,少的失分的话,它还是有一些技巧的。就是我们需要去分析清楚,当然我们一般推荐学生在高考的时候,非七选五的阅读题,我们一般做题方法就是先题后文,就是你一定要先看问题,然后看完问题看选项,然后你大概就知道你应该去找什么样的信息,这样的话,你回到原文去,再有目的地去阅读。当然我也发现,最近有些高二升高三的孩子,他们在做高考阅读的时候,他们也会出现各种各样的问题,包括高三现在的学生,他们有的时候会跳读,可能之前老师要求很多学生要去跳读,因为这样会读得很快,但是有些孩子因为跳读没有规律,所以他往往中间会丢失很多信息,这样就会直接导致你考试的时候失分。
所以,阅读这个部分,按理说他是可以能够拿满分的一个部分。所以,如果能够保证这样的话,我觉得第一点、时间分配要清楚,比如说阅读题,你一定要限制在每篇阅读6-7分钟,不能再超了,因为再超了,你其他的时间就没有了。另外一个,一定要分题型,就是如果他是细节题,就一定要上文章中去找细节,一定要找到那句话,如果你没有找到那个出题点的话,你轻易地去选往往会出错。如果他是那种概括题的话,就一定要注意文章的首段、尾段、尾段的首句,这 样的文章细致地阅读,能够帮助我们的考生去把这样的.题更好地去做对。
而且还有一个特点,高考试卷有一个非常重要的做题方法,就是排除法,英语也是一样的、所有部分都适用、阅读也是,就是四个选项中,如果他是细节题,那当然不用说了,一定只有一个是正确答案。如果他是正误判断题呢,往往其中会有两个答案都是,你会觉得这两个答案都差不多、都很对,有两个肯定是不对的,和细节不符。所以这样的话,一定要用排除法,找出那两个,然后和文章中每一句逐句地去比较,然后细致地分析它的含义,这样的话才能够真正把那个真的东西找出来,我们说去伪存真,才能够把那个真正正确的答案找出来。
所以,这些都是一些做阅读的一些小技巧,一定把这个题型分析清楚,把时间分配好,我觉得这是最重要的。
高考英语阅读大智慧:找到正确流程
在课堂内外常有学生问到一个问题:在高考阅读的解题中,到底应该先看题目还是先看文章。可以说,这是高考阅读教学中的经典问题之一。通常情况下,我的回答是“习惯是人生伟大的指南”。因为不管是什么样的解题顺序,首先你要养成一个正确的阅读习惯,在好的习惯的指引下,任何题型的文章你都可以融会贯通,点面俱到。
通过长时间的高考阅读的研究和整理,我大体将目前南京学生的阅读流程分为三类:
第一类:读文章——做题目——回头再读文章
此为传统方法,命中率高,但速度稍慢。优点是能够迅速理解全文的主题脉络,连贯地进行信息的排查,缺点是由于人的记忆力有限,很多细节在做题时已经忘却,有不确定的地方仍需回到原文细细查找,寻找依据,耗时费力。这种方法的使用,需要较好的英文基础外加优秀的强记能力,一般使用于高分段的学生。
不过,这种阅读流程的效果不单纯作用于考试,还可以切实提高英文阅读水平,对同学们大学以后的学习大有帮助。所以这种阅读顺序,我推荐给高一高二的学生在平时的阅读解题中大可以培养这种习惯,一方面确保准确率,第二稳步提升自己的英文阅读实力,但对于高三的同学,这种方法有些欠妥。由于复习时间的紧张,我们最好摒弃掉此类阅读习惯。
第二类:读题目(题干+选项)—— 读文章 —— 做题目
其实此类方法分两种,一种是只看题不看选项,即大致看看问题,然后带着问题再看文章;另一种是将题干和所有选择项看完,再看文章。第一种的优点是节约时间,缺点是由于不看选项,对于细节缺乏必要的把握,同样要返回文章找寻关键点,而且定位的时候没有精确的坐标;第二个就相对而言科学很多,优点是明了要重点注意的目标信息,有很好阅读的针对性,缺点是相对读文章的时间少了,难免断章取义缺少宏观的把握,容易陷入干扰选项设置的陷阱之中。
对于高三的同学们,我还是建议多使用这种方法,方法虽有利弊,但对于时间紧张的你们,往往事半功倍。
第三类:读主题——读题目—— 读全文——做题目
个人认为这种方法较以上两种更为全面和严谨,而我在新东方的课堂的上也是建议给每位同学们练习这种方法,养成很好的阅读习惯。
这种方法即先看懂各段首尾句或短文的第一段,大致明了文章的主题。此后细细地阅读题干推敲选项的大致设置,思考作者的行文规律和命题者的出题陷阱,然后带着已经在首尾句获得的信息和在题目中假设的思路回头进行有目的性的查找工作,准确率高且耗时相对较少。而我们现在的高考阅读文章均取自国内外的英文刊物,少有命题组自行行文的类型,此类文章逻辑严谨,结构清晰,所以气定神闲地先读完各段的首句再耐心的推敲考题选项的设置,往往会直接将四个选支排除掉一个或两个,这无疑对我们的解题帮助极大,减少了我们判断的压力轻松地将文章读完。
高考阅读虽错综复杂,但是只要你养成很好的阅读习惯,加上一些必要的解题技巧是一定能征服它的。新东方流传一句话“得阅读者,得天下”,可见阅读是高考的重中之重,所以让我们一起努力吧,征服阅读,战胜高考。
在课堂内外常有学生问到一个问题:在高考阅读的解题中,到底应该先看题目还是先看文章。可以说,这是高考阅读教学中的经典问题之一。通常情况下,我的回答是“习惯是人生伟大的指南”。因为不管是什么样的解题顺序,首先你要养成一个正确的阅读习惯,在好的习惯的指引下,任何题型的文章你都可以融会贯通,点面俱到。
通过长时间的高考阅读的研究和整理,我大体将目前南京学生的阅读流程分为三类:
第一类:读文章——做题目——回头再读文章
此为传统方法,命中率高,但速度稍慢。优点是能够迅速理解全文的主题脉络,连贯地进行信息的排查,缺点是由于人的记忆力有限,很多细节在做题时已经忘却,有不确定的地方仍需回到原文细细查找,寻找依据,耗时费力。这种方法的使用,需要较好的英文基础外加优秀的强记能力,一般使用于高分段的学生。
不过,这种阅读流程的效果不单纯作用于考试,还可以切实提高英文阅读水平,对同学们大学以后的学习大有帮助。所以这种阅读顺序,我推荐给高一高二的学生在平时的阅读解题中大可以培养这种习惯,一方面确保准确率,第二稳步提升自己的英文阅读实力,但对于高三的同学,这种方法有些欠妥。由于复习时间的紧张,我们最好摒弃掉此类阅读习惯。
第二类:读题目(题干+选项)—— 读文章 —— 做题目
其实此类方法分两种,一种是只看题不看选项,即大致看看问题,然后带着问题再看文章;另一种是将题干和所有选择项看完,再看文章。第一种的优点是节约时间,缺点是由于不看选项,对于细节缺乏必要的把握,同样要返回文章找寻关键点,而且定位的时候没有精确的坐标;第二个就相对而言科学很多,优点是明了要重点注意的目标信息,有很好阅读的针对性,缺点是相对读文章的时间少了,难免断章取义缺少宏观的把握,容易陷入干扰选项设置的陷阱之中。
对于高三的同学们,我还是建议多使用这种方法,方法虽有利弊,但对于时间紧张的你们,往往事半功倍。
第三类:读主题——读题目—— 读全文——做题目
个人认为这种方法较以上两种更为全面和严谨,而我在新东方的课堂的上也是建议给每位同学们练习这种方法,养成很好的阅读习惯。
这种方法即先看懂各段首尾句或短文的第一段,大致明了文章的主题。此后细细地阅读题干推敲选项的大致设置,思考作者的行文规律和命题者的出题陷阱,然后带着已经在首尾句获得的信息和在题目中假设的思路回头进行有目的性的查找工作,准确率高且耗时相对较少。而我们现在的高考阅读文章均取自国内外的英文刊物,少有命题组自行行文的类型,此类文章逻辑严谨,结构清晰,所以气定神闲地先读完各段的首句再耐心的推敲考题选项的设置,往往会直接将四个选支排除掉一个或两个,这无疑对我们的解题帮助极大,减少了我们判断的压力轻松地将文章读完。
【实践练习】
第一篇:president
There are stories about two U.S . presidents,Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren,which attempt to explain the American English term OK.We don‟t know if either story is true,but they are both interesting. The first explanation is based on the fact that President Jackson had very little ecation.In fact,he had difficulty reading and writing.When important papers came to Jackson,he tried to read them and then had his assistants explain what they said.If he approved of a paper.he would write“all correct”on it.The problem was that he didn‟t know how to spell.So what he really wrote was“ol korekt”.After a while,he shortened that term to“OK”.
The second explanation is based on the place where President Van Buren was born,Kinderhook,New York.Van Bnren‟s friends organized a club to help him become President They caned the club the Old Kinderhook Club,and anyone who supported Van Buren was called“OK”.
31.The author
A. believes both of the stories
B.doesn‟t believe a word of the stories
C is not sure whether the stories are true
D. is telling the stories just for fun
32. According to the passage,President Jackson
A.couldn‟t draw up any documents at all
B. didn‟t like to read important papers by himself
C.often had his assistants sign documents for him
D .wasn‟t good at reading,writing or spelling
33.According to the first story, the term “OK”
A. was approved of by President Jackson
B.was the title of some Official documents
C.was first used by President Jackson
D.was an old way to spell“all correct’’
34 .According to the second story,the term‘‘OK”
A.was the short way to say‘‘old Kinderhook Club”
B.meant the place where President Van Buren was born
C.was the name of Van Buren‟s club
D.was used to call Van Buren‟s supporters in the election
35.According to the second story.the term“OK”was first used
A.by Van Buren
B.in a presidential election
C.to organize the Old Kinderhook Club
D.by the members of the‘‘Old Kinderhook Club”
第二篇:land proces
Although the United States covers so much land and the land proces far more food than the present population needs,its people are by now almost entirely an urban society Less than a tenth of the people are engaged in agriculture and forestry(林业),and most of the rest live in or around towns,small and large.Here the traditional picture is changing:every small town may still be very like other small towns,and the typical small town may represent a widely accepted view of the country,but most Americans do not live in small towns any more.Half the population now lives in some thirty metropolitan areas(1arge cities with their suburbs、of more than a million people each—a larger proportion than in Germany or England,let alone France.The statistics(统计)of urban and rural population should be treated with caution because so many people who live in areas classified as rural travel by car to work in a nearby town each day.As the rush to live out of town continues.rural areas within reach of towns are graally filled with houses,so that it is hard to say at what moment a piece of country becomes a suburb But more and more the typical American lives in a metropolitan rather than a small town environment.
36.If now America has 250 million people.how many of them are engaged in agriculture and forestry?
A.About 25 million.
B.More than 25 million.
C.Less than 25 million.
D. Less than 225 million
37.Which of the following four countries has the smallest proportion of people living in metropolitan areas?
A.United States.
B.Germany.
C.France.
D.England.
38.What’s the meaning of the word“metropolitan”in the middle of the passage?
A .Of a large city with its suburbs.
B.Of small and large towns.
C.Of urban areas.
D.Of rural areas.
39.According to the passage,what can we learn about small towns in the United States?
A Most small towns become graally crowded
B.Small towns are still similar to each other.
C.As the traditional picture is changing,towns are different.
D .Small towns are turning into large cities
40.Why is it hard to say when a piece of country becomes a suburb?
A.Because they are the same.
B.Because the rush takes place too quickly
C.Because the process is graal.
D.Because more and more Americans live in metropolitan
>>>>>>参考答案及解析<<<<<<
第一篇:
答案:CDCDB
Passage 1解析:
这里要讲述Andrew Jackson 和Martin Van Buren这2届美国总统的小故事。这2个小故事也许可以解释美语中OK一词的来历。故事的真实性我们不得而知,不过内容却很有意思。
第一个解释来源于总统Andrew Jackson的故事。Andrew Jackson几乎没有受到过什么教育,事实上,他对于日常的读写都有困难。当收到重要文件的时候,在尝试阅读之后,还是让他的助手帮忙解释文件的内容。如果批准一份文件,Andrew Jackson就在上面写“all correct”。麻烦的是,他不知道怎么这2个单词怎么拼写,因此,实际上他在文件上写的是“ol korekt”。过了不久,他又把这2个单词缩写为“OK”。
第二个解释来源于总统Martin Van Buren的家乡的名字——纽约的Kinderhook。为了帮助Van Buren成为总统,他的朋友为此组织了一个社团。他们把这个社团叫做Old Kinderhook Club,社团中支持Van Buren的人都被称为“OK”
第二篇:
答案:CCABC
Passage 2解析:
尽管美国幅员辽阔,而且土地所产出的粮食远远超过现有人口的需求,现今的美国却几乎完全是个都市化的国家。不足十分之一的人口在从事农业和林业,而剩余的大多数人都居住在大大小小的城镇中或者城镇的周围。传统的景象在这里不断发生着变化:小的城镇之间仍然彼此十分相似,典型的小城镇还是呈现出大家心目中的乡村的风貌;但是大部分的美国人却不再住在小城镇了。现在半数的人口都在大约30几个大都市地区(包括附近郊区的大型城市)——这种大都市地区的人口都在百万以上,总的都市人口数量远远超过德国和英国,更不用说法国了。城市和乡村的人口统计需要特别对待,因为我们所谓的住在乡村的人们,每天都会开车前往附近的城镇工作。当远离城镇居住的热潮持续的情况下,城镇周围的乡村地区逐渐盖满了房屋。那么说不定什么时候,一块乡村的地区就变成了城市的郊区。不过,典型的美国人还是越来越趋向于居住在大都市而不是小城镇的环境中。
;8. 高考英语阅读技巧
导语:高考英语试题中,阅读理解占的分值最高,同时在四篇甚至五篇的英语文章中,也是最有可能出现较多的生词的,因此很多同学对于阅读理解都是觉得头疼,其中英语基础薄弱的同学更是苦不堪言,想尽办法也未能找到好的方法,据此我认为,首要的是要继续加紧时间记忆单词,其次提高阅读技巧。英语单词的记忆基本上没有捷径可走,只有继续花时间花精力背诵,但阅读技巧值得一阅。
2017高考英语阅读技巧
一. 理解主题,找出大意
(一) 捕捉主题句
主题句是指能表达或概括文章段落主题或主要内容的句子。在记叙文和议论文中,作者在每一自然段中往往只论述或议论一个观点和问题,而这个将要论述或讨论的观点或问题往往用一个句子将它点明。因此,要在短时间内了解段落内容,必须首先找出主题句置。主题句的位置一般比较多变,有时候出现在文章的段落的第一个句子,有时候段落中间,有时候则在句末。如果主题句在段首,那么作者紧接着对主题展开论述,引证,形成演绎式段落。但有时候作者先论述,然后在第二句甚至第三句中才点明段落大意,即先论述,然后做初步归纳,提出主题,再进一步论述。主题句也会出现在句末,这时就构成归纳式段落,即先论述,引证,然后综合,得出结论形成主题句。
(二) 捕捉关键词
关键词是对理解和捕捉句子,段落及文章大意起决定性的词和词组。读者再抓住主题后,通过捕捉关键词可以迅速地理解归纳段落或文章的大意,准确领会作者的意图,进一步认识文章的深层涵义,从而快捷无误地理解文章。那么如何去捕捉关键词呢?主要是通过:快速浏览标题;略读段落,以意群为单位,按主语部分,谓语部分,修饰词部分观察捕捉影响文章意义的词汇;然后加以比较;最后进行筛选;进而达到准确,快速,高效的阅读与理解原文的目的。
(三) 捕捉标题
标题位于文章之首,用来高度概括文章内容,点明文章主题。标题可以帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容,抓住文章讨论的中心,把握作者的观点和意图,识别文章的文体。简言之,标题起着统领全文的重要作用。那么,如何准确地给一篇文章选择合适的标题?首先,在读原文的基础上,仔细考虑这句话或短语与文章主题是否有密切关系;其次,看文章的概括性或覆盖面如何;然后还要注意题目是否过大或过小。如果对这三点考虑不周,就会出现题目与文章不符,文章重点不突出。
(四) 捕捉段落大意
段落大意是段落的中心思想。它体现了作者对该段落的写作意图,是该段落所有句意的集中体现。段落大意即可以帮助读者了解全篇文章的中心思想,又可以帮助读者确切理解该段落中的字,词,句。略读段落,掌握大意的方法有三:其一,寻找主题句,有些段落段落的主题句在段首,有的在段中或在段末。其二,寻找关键词,其三,读者用自己的语言概括大意,所用语言要精确,覆盖面大。
二. 回顾事实,辨认细节
任何一篇文章都是围绕某一中心或某一话题张开,必须通过各种手段来说明它,反应它。绝大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主题展开的细节。细节题往往直接问到文章的某一具体段落,句子,甚至单词和短语,但多数的细节题不采用文章的原话,通过释义或重述的形式设计题。常见的形式有:1)According to the passage, who/when/where/what/why/how/how many/how much......? 2)According to the passage,,which of the following is mentioned?3)In the passage the writer states that...? 4) which is the right order of event?
解答细节题时,必须首先看懂题目,然后用查读法快速扫描文章,查找与设问内容相关的词语或句子,借助于同义词和同意结构;当题目涉及到时间,距离及其他数字表示细节时,一般需进行计算才能得出答案。
三. 逻辑推理,做出判断
推理就是根据已知的`信息,通过分析,推理等逻辑手段来获取未知的信息。通过收集并分析文章本身包含的文字信息,上下文的逻辑发展等已有材料,从而获取作者在文章中没有明白无误地表达出来的内容,态度,观点,立场等。那么,如何进行推理呢?我们有这样一条推断的轨迹:信心的阅读--收集信息--分析信息--做出推断。
四. 研读寓意,理解内涵
寓意即文章隐含的意思,是作者没有直接表达但最具表现力的关键之所在。只有深入领会文章的寓意,才能正确把握文章的内容和作者的意图。错误的领会文章的寓意,就无法把握文章的内涵,甚至会扭曲文章要传达的信息和作者的写作意图。文章的寓意需要认真阅读和细致耐心琢磨。把握文章的行文特点,作者的语气,用词及字里行间流露出的情绪和态度。同时还要对文章从细节到整体,从整体到细节有个整体的把握。甚至还要跳出文章之外,从文化,习俗或区域的差别与修辞等方面去领会文章的言外之意。此类题的提问方式一般有:
1) The author's view is ______?2)The author thinks that______?3)The author suggests that_________? 4) The author gives the impression that________.5)Which of the following can best describe the attitude of the author towards......6) What is the tone of the passage?
解答这类题时,主要是判断作者本人的态度和观点,一定要与文章所论述或叙述的内容区别开来、因为同样的内容和事实,不同的作者会有不同的观点和看法。读者切忌用自己的观点来解释。
五. 捕捉信息,猜测词义
阅读时常常会遇到一些未见过的生词,但这些生词的词义可以通过上下推断出来,这种不使用词典去认识生词的能力读者必须具备。阅读理解中猜测词义的考查内容既可以是文中的生词,也可以是熟词新意,短语或句子。但要求考生根据上下文线索,具体语境做出推断。能帮助读者猜测词义的上下文线索通常有定义或解释,同义词或近义词,反义词,举例,因果关系,同为关系或标点符号等等,如:
(1) 根据定义或解释猜测词义
A biography is the story of a persons' life written by someone else.
根据定义,biography 的意思是有别人写的生平叫传记。
(2) 根据同义词或同义关系,反义词或反义关系
---I think we are being watched. ---Really? What makes you think we are under surveillance?
根据语境,可判断being watched 和 under surveillance 是同义关系。
During the concert,the children were quiet,but afterwards,they became boisterous. but 表示转折关系,因此boisterous 是quiet 的反义词,意思为吵吵嚷嚷的。
(3) 根据举例
Several other gases,such as argon, comprise the remaining one percent of the volume of dry air.
Such as 提示argon 为某种气体。
(4) 根据因果关系
She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading. because 之前的分句表示结果,之后的分句表示原因,可推理她没听到的原因是她完全被阅读吸引住了或她正全神贯注的看书。因此,engrossed 的意思是被吸引的,全神贯注的。
(5) 根据句意或上下文语境
If he thinks he can invite me out , he is all wet. I don't like to be with him.
A. drunk B.sweating C.happy D.mistaken
解析 根据第二句我不喜欢和他在一起,可推断出,如果他认为他能约我出去,那他可就错了。这两句话实际上暗含因果关系。所以答案应该是D.