中职高一英语阅读理解

① 中职对口升学英语阅读理解时间分配

14篇75~80分钟，平均每篇15—20分钟。中职对口升学英语阅读理解时间分配为14篇75~80分钟，平均每篇15—20分钟。

② 如何提高中职生英语阅读及口语能力

觉得大复量阅读能培养出一制定的语感,你要是光看不读,个人认为其实不会有太大提高,还是应该多读文章,即增加了词汇量,又锻炼可自己的口语,不过需要坚持,原来我觉得英语很简单,口语也不难,现在学了二外,才发现口语没有那么好练,这是我现在的方法,就是要多读课文,课文中不会的单词一定要查字典弄明白,下次口语里想说这个词的时候才会说,就是要坚持!

③ 中职英语高考模拟试题及答案

十年寒窗，盼前程似锦;百日苦战，誓金榜题名。祝高考成功!下面是我为大家推荐的中职英语高考模拟试题，仅供大家参考!
中职英语高考模拟试题
第I卷

第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)

第一节 (共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.Why don’t the speakers go to see a baseball game?

A. It’s too crowded. B. There’s no game for today. C. They would like to go to the zoo.

2. What are the speakers doing now?

A. Listening to the radio. B. Having a class. C. Attending a concert.

3. What’s the woman’s job?

A. She is a saleswoman. B. She is a cleaner. C. She is a hotel clerk.

4. What is the woman planning to do?

A. Have a coffee. B. Do her hair. C. Go to the man’s home.

5. What does the man think the weather will be like in April?

A. cool. B. Hot. C. Cold.

第二节 (共15小题， 每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。 听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6. How often is the meeting held?

A. every week. B. Every two weeks. C. Every month.

7. What kind of room does the man usually use?

A. A large one. B. A small one. C. A mid-sided one

听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

8. Where does the conversation take place?

A. In a shop. B. In a dressing room C. In a post office.

9. What color does the woman want?

A. Dark green. B. Light green. C. Light blue.

听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10. Where did the man first speak English to a foreigner?

A. In a city in China. B. In New York City. C. In a railway station.

11. Why did the man feel very nervous when he first spoke English to a foreigner?

A. His English was very poor. B. He has enough time to chat with the foreigner. C. He was not sure if others could understand him.

12. Why didn’t the foreigner answer him immediately?

A. He was very nervous. B. He didn’t know the answer. C. The foreigner couldn’t speak English himself.

听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

13. What does the woman think of being a model?

A. Attractive. B. Challenging. C. Tiring.

14. What is the hardest thing for the woman?

A. Putting on make up. B. Getting up early. C. Getting the dresses ready.

15. What is the most important thing?

A. Standing in beautiful poses. B. Standing still. C. Changing clothes quickly.

16. What is the possible relationship between the speakers?

A. Interviewer and interviewee. B. Husband and wife. C. Boss and secretary.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17. Where does the speaker’s friend live now?

A. Chicago. B. Atlanta. C. San Francisco.

18. What is the speaker?

A. A doctor. B. An office manager. C. An artist.

19. How often do the two friends talk on the phone?

A. Twice a month. B. Every three days. C. Once a week.

20. Which is NOT mentioned by the speaker as a way of communication with her friend?

A. sending e-mail. B. Writing to each other. C. Chatting on the Internet.

第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分40分)

第一节(共15 小题;每小题2分，满分30分)

A

Not too big, not too small. Not too hot, not too cold. A newly discovered planet looks just right for life as we know it, according to an international group of astronomers.

Circling a star about 500 light years away, the planet called Kepler-186f is about the same size as Earth. It goes round its star at the right distance for liquid water on the surface. That is a necessary condition for life. But it is not exactly like Earth, it’s more of an Earth’s cousin. It’s not an Earth’s twin. It shares

the same characteristics as Earth, but their parent stars are very different.

Kepler-186f circles a star that is smaller and cooler than our sun. But the planet appears to be a closer relative than most of the hundreds of others discovered so far. Some are huge gas-covered giants with thick atmospheres. Others circle too closely to their stars and are too hot for life. For the first time, we can actually say we now have a planet that is both Earth-sized and circles in its star’s livable zone.

The next step would be to look for signs of life in the atmospheres of these distant world. That would take a more advanced telescope. But budget cuts threaten that task, says University of California at Los Angeles astrophysicist Ben.

“In theory, we could do this in the next couple decades. But in practice, because there’s no money, it’s not going to happen. It’s not going to happen in my lifetime, for example,’’ said Ben. However, NASA’s Elisa Quintana believes that when the next-generation space telescope is used, it will find that we are not alone in the universe. In the meantime, the search continues for other worlds where life may find a home.

21. What do we know about the newly discovered planet?

A. It was discovered by chance.

B. It has some form of life on it.

C. It has suitable conditions for life.

D. It is an ordinary planet like others.

22. The difference between the Earth and Kepler-186f is _________.

A. they circle different parent stars

B. they came into being at different times

C. they move in space at a different speed

D. they orbit their stars at a different distance

23. The discovery of Kepler-186f is remarkable because_______.

A. man has discovered a new home

B. it caused people’s interest in the universe

C. man has found a familiar planet like the Earth

D. it can help man know more about the Earth

24. What does Ben worry about in the future research?

A. Lack of money. B. No cooperation. C. His coming old age. D. His weak influence.

B

Whenever we think of change, we tend to think of something that’s potentially going to push our lives into a period of uncertainty.

Without exception, just the word “change” has the power to create a feeling of anxiety or insecurity and when you put the word ”lifestyle” in front of it, people often feel that they are faced with an unachievable task.

Simply knowing that it would be in your best interests to lose weight and get fitter doesn’t necessarily mean you are going to act upon it, because it can feel like you are standing at the bottom of the mountain looking up at the summit. The journey seems long and hard and you get the sense that if you start it, you would bite off far more than you could chew!

Of course, it’s good to have an idea about your targets, but that doesn’t mean you have to make the entire journey in one go. Change is frequently more acceptable and far more achievable when it is taken in bite-sized pieces. Change doesn’t have to be something you’re always going to start, it’s something you can start right now. A number of small changes that require minor adjustments to your life can work together to cause much bigger change overall. For example, say you allow yourself one can of soda a day. It doesn’t sound a lot, does it? But over a year that one can of soda adds up to you consuming over 60,000 calorie and over 2,000 teaspoon of sugar. Cut out that one can a day and replace it with a bottle of water, something which is far more beneficial to your health, and over the course of the year you could effectively lose 8 kilos.

Losing weight and gaining health for good is all about making a change to your mind. That’s the control centre for everything and if your mind isn’t filled with too much change all in one go, it can develop new habits far more effectively.

Small change originates a chain reaction. It makes you believe in yourself and there will come the moment when you realize you’re actually half way up the mountain looking back at how far you’ve come!

25. Why may people not take action even if they know losing weight does them good?

A. Because they may feel it unachievable.

B. Because they won’t change their lifestyle.

C. Because they can’t stick to change for long.

D. Because they have no clear idea about their targets.

26. The example mentioned in Paragraph 4 is used to show that .

A. change is more achievable when taken in one go

B. change has to be what one always wants to start

C. even small changes require life adjustments

D. even small changes can bring big gains

27. What is losing weight and gaining health for good all about?

A. Gaining self-belief. B. Changing one’s mind.

C. Controlling one’s appetite. D. Getting a sense of success.

28. The underlined word “originates” in the last paragraph can be best replaced by “ “.

A. requires B. delays C. creates D. affects

C

English Teacher

Number of Positions: About 5 vacancies (空缺) a month

Job Start Date: On-going, all year

Location: Guangzhou, Shenzhen China

Teaching Hours: 21—25 hours/week

Age of Students: All Ages available; (Kindergarten, Elementary, Middle School, High School)

Benefits

Salary: 9500RMB/month (20% after 15 days, 30% after 6 months, and final 50% at the end

of the contract)

Housing: Free Furnished Single Housing

Paid Vacation: 2 weeks or 10 days, plus national holidays

Health Insurance: local medical insurance provided

Requirements

Required Nationality: American, Australian, British, Canadian, Irish, New Zealander or South African. Must be a Native English.

Experience: Teaching not required, but preferred. Received English in an English speaking county since middle school.

Preferred Age: Under 40 years old

TEFL: Courses of 100+hours are required.

Job Description

Here we have an option for teachers looking to teach in the Southern China area. The positions are in Southern China’s largest cities, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, just north of Hong Kong. Known historically as the capital of Guangdong Province, these are unique places to live and great for teachers looking to be in the mix of energetic cities that make China such an exciting country. As National City Center, these cities are known for leading China in terms of infrastructure and are primary transportation hubs (中心) for exploring the area and China as a whole.

This school group has a variety of school locations in the city and has various positions for both new and experienced teachers. Training is provided for all teachers and the first two months will include observing classes and indivial training. There is room for advancement as teachers gain experience to lead other teachers, as well as curriculum development positions, and the schools include a generous bonus structure on top of great base salaries.

For more information on this position, ask the China Placement Team!

29. The text is a ___________.

A. note B. report C. schele D. poster

30. How long will Smith work at least in month if he is hired successfully?

A. 60 hours. B. 72 hours. C. 84 hours. D. 100 hours.

31. Who will be possibly admitted as an English teacher according to the text?

A.Bo Savino from America, 35, a native Chinese.

B. Douglas Carter from Canada, 30, a former doctor.

C. Abigale from Australia,42, an experienced teacher.

D. Alexa Joy Nino from India, 39, an experienced teacher.

32. We can conclude that teachers admitted by this school group can ________.

A. get a bonus in salary B. live in Hong Kong

C. see a doctor for free D. take a part-time job

④ 如何提高中职学生的英语阅读理解能力

提高英语阅读能力，其实也没有什么巧办法，只有增加阅读量，不断地阅读，另外就是要加大词汇量，否则阅读的文章里面生词太多，会影响阅读的效果。

⑤ 中职英语高考模拟试题及答案(2)

D.

Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg recently surprised Chinese students when he spoke to them in Chinese. In a speech at Tsinghua University in Beijing, Zuckerberg spoke Chinese for about 30 minutes. With Chinese having the most native speakers in the world and the study of the Chinese language increasing rapidly around the world, Zuckerberg’s talk raises a question: Is Chinese the language of the future? Could it replace English as the world’s international language?

Chinese will grow in importance, especially for people who want to work and do business in

China. But I don’t think Chinese will replace English any time soon.

American movies, music, television, video games have wider audiences, which is one reason for English’s popularity as a foreign language. So far China’s success in this aspect has been very limited. Chinese films, Chinese television shows and Chinese music don’t have a huge following outside of China. In addition, English is seen as a more neutral(中立的) language than Chinese. Unlike Chinese, English is not associated with one county. It is a universal language and is spoken in more than 170 counties. In 2014, China hosted the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation meeting in Beijing, China. But the meeting was not in Chinese. The official language of APEC is English.

The most important reason is that Chinese is a more difficult language to learn. It is estimated that it would take a native English speaker 2,000 hours to reach professional fluency in Chinese. That is four times longer than it would take to reach the same level in Dutch, French, or Spanish. While Chinese grammar is much simpler, Chinese has a tone and writing system that is more difficult for alt learners to master.

Last but not least, more people learn English than Chinese. A recent survey by Gallup showed that only one in four Americans is multilingual, which means only 25% of Americans can speak a foreign language besides English. For most Americans, learning a foreign language is a choice, not a necessity. China Daily has estimates that 400 million Chinese are studying English. That means China has more English learners that the U.S. has English speakers.

33. Mark Zuckerberg surprised Chinese students by __________.

A. singing Chinese songs B. wearing Chinese clothes

C. making a speech in Chinese D. speaking highly of Chinese

34.Which of the following contributes to English’s popularity as a foreign language?

A. American growing economy. B. American pop culture.

C. American freedom of speech. D. American ecation system.

35. What is the text mainly about?

A. The results pop culture development brings about.

B. The influence English has on the global economy.

C. The suggestions on how to master Chinese in a short time.

D. The reasons why English would be more popular than Chinese.

第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，满分10)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为

多余选项。

Reading comprehension is an important skill to master for academic success. Many students have difficulty in understanding the point of a story and remembering what a story is about ----the basics of this task. Luckily, by following some basic tips, you can improve at reading comprehension.

Work on your vocabulary. Keep up on vocabulary lessons in school, and look up definitions of words when you read to master as many words as you can. __36_.

Read with your mind, eyes and lips. __37_Just reading with your mind could mean you’re not paying enough attention. You don’t have to read aloud for reading comprehension, but go over each word with your eyes at least.

_38_To understand what a paragraph is saying, you can often look through the first sentence. This should tell you the point of the paragraph, and the rest should be supplemental(附加的) information. Look at the last sentence to complete the idea.

Identify the structure of the story to know what to look for in analyzing it. Some stories are written in the order of time. Others start from the point of the future and backtrack(倒叙). Still others are about proving the point of a thesis with examples. __39_

Try to predict what’s going to happen next. Reading actively promotes reading comprehension. _40_This will help you remember the details after you’ve finished.

A.Be aware of the function of paragraphs.

B.Concentrate on the meaning of words when reading aloud.

C.The larger vocabulary you have, the easier reading comprehension will be.

D.While reading, guess which way the story is going or how the story will end up.

E.Reading with your eyes and lips helps you remember what you’ve read.

F.Figure out what kind of structure you’ve looking at to understand the story better.

G.If you can understand the writer’s purpose between the lines, you’re doing a good job.

第三部分 英语知识运用 (共两节，满分45分)

第一节完形填空 (共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)

Imagine waking up in a hospital bed. And the entire left side of your body isn’t movable. This was the _41_I found myself in after my crash. I _42 so severely for my head and neck were twisted to one side and stuck in that disturbing _43_

The prognosis(预断)for my _44_was not good. The doctor told my family,”I__45_to say this, but he’ll be lucky to survive the next 48 hours.

__46_as my family was at the news, the one thing that had been holding them together was the__47_that with the proper medical treatment, I could recover. The doctor’s prognosis hit them like a hammer, _48_any hope. The _49_that I might die touched each of them deeply.

For the next two days, my parents kept waiting outside my room. They could _50_eat or sleep. The doctor’s prognosis _51 heavily on their hearts. Yet with each passing hour they become slightly more hopeful that my chances of _52_ were a little bit better.

With the _53_ 48 hours passing, although I was once _54 to the limit of my life, I _55 to quit my life, so they felt somewhat_56_. Maybe the doctor had made a(n)_57_. After all, doctors aren’t necessarily right. Bit by bit, hope began to return to them. _58_, they still had no idea what the future held for me.

My survival surprised everyone. It would not have been _59_ if not for my determination not to quit my life. _60_ will always happen around you as long as you don’t give up.

41. A. despair B. situation C. place D. pain

42. A. choked B. trembled C. enjoyed D. suffered

43. A. position B.. action C. behavior D. height

44. A. spirit B. disability C. recovery D. treatment

45. A. regret B. decide C. tend D. wish

46. A. Impatient B. Angry C. Confused D. Upset

47. A. desire B. intention C. hope D. lie

48. A. offering B. destroying C. raising D. abandoning

49. A. exception B. choice C. fact D. acceptance

50. A. barely B. graally C. hopelessly D. slightly

51. A. reacted B. weighed C. froze D. expanded

52. A. promotion B. escape C. improvement D. survival

53. A. convincing B. disappointing C. exciting D. frightening

54. A. directed B. pushed C. ordered D. guided

55. A. refused B. pretended C. struggled D. attempted

56. A. confident B. satisfied C. relieved D. stressful

57. A. joke B. guess C. apology D. mistake

58. A. However B. Therefore C. Instead D. Besides

59. A. alarming B. possible C. reasonable D. pessimistic

60. A. Accidents B. Coincidences C. Miracles D. Successes

第 II 卷

第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)

第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Patient: Thank you for__61_(agree) to see me on such short notice, doctor.

Doctor: Now, what seems to be ___62__ matter?

Patient: It’s my eyesight. I can’t see well at night, and ___63___ I wake up in the morning, it takes me a few minutes before I can see clearly.

Doctor: OK. I’m going to take a ___64___ (close) look. Just relax. How ____65__ has this been going on?

Patient: A couple of weeks. I guess…wow, that’s right!

Doctor: Does it hurt when I do that?

Patient: Not exactly, it’s just really bright.

Doctor: Where did you hit___66___(you) head?

Patient: Right on the back. I heard a loud sound when I hit it, but there ____67__(be)no blood and everything seemed to be okay.

Doctor: You didn’t get it___68_____(check) out then?

Patient: My wife said I should, but nothing was wrong, so

I thought, why bother? Well, a week passed and all of a sudden I started to have problems with my sight. I first noticed it when I was driving back home from work. But before that I 69 (feel) uncomfortable in my eyes for several times.

Doctor: ____70_____(hope), it’s nothing serious.

第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)

第一节短文改错(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号( ∧ )，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线( ﹨ )划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该次下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)，不计分。

Paul and I met in the first time when we were both at university. In a fact, we hated each other at first though we were in the same class. I didn’t start to like him until we ended up work in the same restaurant. He had become a chef by then and I’d called in to redesign the places to give it more atmosphere. The owner of the restaurant is so pleased with my work what I had free meals there whenever I wanted to. Needless to say, I ate there regular. Paul’s cooking was amazing but graally I realised that I’d changed my mind about her, too.

第二节书面表达(满分25分)

假如你是学校广播站播音员李华。你所在的学校正在进行”Good health habits, good school life”的宣传活动，号召同学们养成良好的生活习惯。请你就此用英文写一份广播稿。内容包括：1.良好生活习惯的意义;2. 你的倡议内容;3. 号召同学们积极践行。

注意：1. 词数100左右;2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;3. 开头语和结尾语已为你写好。

Boys and girls,

Attention, please! Keeping good health habits is of great importance.

________________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_________________That’s all. Thank you.
中职英语高考模拟试题参考答案
第一部分： 听力：

1—5 BCCBB 6—10 CBABB 11—15 CCCBC 16—20 ABBCC

第二部分： 阅读理解

第一节：21—25 CACAA 26—30 DBCDC 31—35 BACBD

第二节： 36—40CEAFD

第三部分：英语知识运用

第一节：完形填空：

41—45 BDACA 46—50 DCBCA 51—55 BDDBA 56—60 CDABC

第二节：语法填空：61. agreeing 62. the 63. when 64. closer 65. long 66. your 67. was 68. checked 69. had felt 70. Hopefully

第四部分：第一节：短文改错：

71. 第一句第一个in改为for 72. in a fact 中a 除掉73. work 改为 working 74. 第四句中 I’d 后加been 75. places 改为place 76.第五句中is 改为was 77. what 改为that 78. regular 改为regularly 79. but 改为and 80. her改为him

第二节：书面表达(范文)

Boys and girls,

Attention, please! Keeping good health habits is of great importance. Good health habits contribute to a healthy body, which serves as a firm basis for the opportunities to achieve our dreams. So good health habits should be highly valued and widely spread.

First, we should eat a balanced diet, which has a

positive effect on our health. Second, we should take regular exercise to build up our strength. In addition, we should work together to keep where we live clean and tidy. It’s not limited to our own rooms or homes; it’s true for public places

Let’s firstly do our part to keep a healthy lifestyle and then work together to increase public awareness about keeping good health habits.

That’s all. Thank you.

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⑥ 英语阅读态度词汇【语篇的词汇衔接手段对中职英语阅读教学的启示】

摘 要: 英语语篇的词汇衔接手段分为两大类。文章从复现关系和同现关系两方面分析词汇衔接手段在英语语篇中的作用，指出词汇衔接手段在语篇中除起到衔接紧凑、连贯流畅的组篇功能外，还具有修辞功能，对高职英语阅读教学很有启示。
关键词: 英语语篇 词汇衔接手段 中职英语阅读教学
1.引言
衔接是语篇的重要组成部分之一，是实现语篇连贯性的重要手段。正是这种重要性，引起了众多语言学家的研究兴趣。在Halliday&Hasan看来，衔接可分为5大类:照应、替代、省略、连接词及词汇衔接（Halliday&Hasan，1976，2001:4）。词汇衔接手段历来为广大话语分析研究者重视，被认为是语篇衔接的重要手段之一。侯仪（Hoey，1991）进一步认为语篇中词汇衔接手段比任何其他手段更为重要，对语篇结构的研究，首先应该是对语篇词汇衔接盯亮团手段的研究，语篇作者想传递的信息及信息传递的方式都能通过词汇衔接手段得到实现。本文主要基于Halliday的词汇衔接理论分析了词汇衔接手段的语篇功能及其对高职英语阅凯橘读教学的启示。
2.词汇衔接
词汇衔接是指通过词汇选择在篇章中建立一个贯穿篇章的链条，从而建立起篇章的连续性。Halliday和Hasan（1976）把词汇衔接关系分为两类:复现关系（reiteration）和同现关系（collocation）。词汇的复现关系指某词以重复、同义词、近义词、上下义词、概括词或其他形式重复出现在语篇中，语篇中的句子通过这种复现关系达到了相互衔接。词汇的同现关系指的是词汇共同出现的倾向性（co-occurrence tendency），包括反义关系、互补关系等（黄国文，1988:122-126）。
2.1复现关系
2.1.1重复
词汇衔接中直接的方式是具有同样语义同一形式的词汇在同一语篇中反复出现。一定情景中词汇重复的运用不仅可以起到篇章纽带的作用，还可以有效地突出主题，表达强烈的感情意义。
（1）I loved her madly!I met her and lived every day on her tenderness， her beauty，her virtue，and her love.
例（1）选自《实用英语综合教程》第三册（上海交通大学出键告版社）中Was It a Dream.这两句话中her一词重复使用六次，复现不仅达到了连贯语气的作用，还有力地表达了作者对妻子的无限眷恋之情及丧妻的悲伤之情。
2.1.2同义词、近义词复现
同义词和近义词指具有同样意义或相近意义的不同词项之间的接应关系。英语以同义词的丰富多彩闻名。在语篇中，同义词和近义词彼此呼应，对语篇起衔接作用。China has gone from a fashion black hole to an instry hub，quickly becoming the center of multibillion-dollar manufacturing and international retail activity.在这例中，hub和center构成近义词复现。
2.1.3上下义词复现
上下义关系的主要意义为“内包”，即意义概括的词内包意义更为确定的词。前者为“上坐标词”（super ordinate），后者为下义词（hyponym），两个下义词之间为“共下义词”（co-hyponym）的关系。人们可以利用这种语义关系使一些词语相互替代或共同出现，实现语篇深层结构上的连贯。如furniture是chair，desk，table，sofa等的上义词;sheep，wolf，tiger，loin是animal的下义词。如To proce smarter flies， the researchers present the insects with a choice of orange or pineapple jelly to eat.中，insects是flies的上义词，避免了词语的重复使用。
2.1.4概括词复现
词语重复使用过多常给人以词汇贫乏、苍白之感。为避免这种情况，在语篇中遇到有关人物、事情或地点时，可用一些泛指上述概念的词语替代，如stuff，people，man，woman，thing，place等，增强语篇的衔接力。如:Mabel told me with evident pride that she passed the exam again.The happy event will take place in August again.句中的“event”为广义泛指词，和前句的“passed the exam”的具体概念前后呼应，衔接语篇。
2.2同现关系
同现关系指词汇在语篇中共同出现的倾向性（co-occurrence tendency）。在语篇中，围绕着一定的话题，一定的词就往往同时出现，而其他一些词就不大可能出现或根本不会出现。词汇的同现关系包括反义关系、互补关系、局部—整体关系、序列关系等。
2.2.1反义关系
反义关系指词项之间意义相反、相对或相矛盾关系，表示不同程度性质的词，具体来说，指语义可分等有程度差别的词类关系，两极之间体现对立的层次性。词汇之间的反义关系能促进语篇的衔接，达到语义贯通的目的。如:Knowledge makes humble， ignorance makes proud.文中有“knowledge”和“ignorance”，“humble”和“proud”两对反义词。反义关系的功能是在两个词项之间可以期待一种意义有区别的对比关系，促使语篇衔接，语义贯通。
2.2.2互补关系
只有两个对立项组成，就是非彼即此或非此即彼，因而对一个词项的否定就意味着对另一词项的肯定，双方形成对立统一体。互补词与反义词有明显的区别，反义词的两极之间可插进表示不同程度性质的词语，体现层次可分性（grad ability）;互补词在意义上是互相排斥的，一方的存在以另一方的存在为前提，man-woman，boy-girl，single-married，dead-alive即属此类。如:Why does this little boy always wriggle?Girls never wriggle.“boy”和“girl”形成互补同现，语义鲜明，加强了语篇的连贯性。

⑦ 中职英语完成句子，求解答

回答和翻译如下：

六 ．

1 . He is taking a shower .
2 . She is going to the supermarket .
3 . They are watching a movie .
4 . She is reading the newspaper .
5 . I am listening the radio .
6 . They are calling their family .
7 . We are studying English .
8 . He is talking to his friend .
9 . She is driving a bus .
10. He is making his bed .

1 . 他正在洗澡 。
2 . 他正要去超市 。
3 . 他们正在观看一部电影 。
4 . 他正在阅读报纸 。
5 . 我正在听收音机 。
6 . 他们正在叫家里人 。
7 . 我们正在学习英语 。
8 . 他正在和他的朋友说话 。
9 . 她正在驾驶一辆公车 。
10. 他正在整理他的床 。

⑧ 中职英语等级考试

湖南省中等职业学校英语应用能力考试标准
（试 行）

湖南省中等职业学校英语应用能力考试是面向全省中等职业学校学生的英语水平考试。本考试以教育部颁发的《中等职业学校英语教学大纲（试行）》（以下简称《教学大纲》）为依据， 按照“实用为主、够用为度”的原则确定考试内容，在考查学生掌握英语基础知识的同时，重点考查学生实际运用英语的能力。
一、考试性质
本考试属于教学—水平考试，既检测中等职业学校学生是否达到英语课程所规定的教学要求，又考核学生的英语应用能力水平，以测试语言技能及与实际涉外交际技能相关的应用性内容为主。
二、考试内容与范围
（一） 语言知识
1、词汇
《教学大纲》“词汇表”中所规定的2300个左右单词（其中复用式词汇1200－1400个），及相关的习惯用语和固定搭配（见附件1）。
2、语法
名词、代词、冠词、数词、常用介词与介词词组的基本用法；形容词和副词的级，动词的基本时态、语态和语气，以及非谓语动词的基本用法；名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句的基本用法；主谓一致、倒装句的基本用法；基本构词法（见附件2）。
语法测试强调实际应用，淡化系统的概念和基本的理论。
3、功能意念表达法
“日常交际用语简表”中所列36个项目的表达法；“话题”表中18个项目的表达法（见附件3、4）。
（二） 语言技能
1、听的能力
测试考生理解所听对话和简单短文的能力。要求考生能把握所听材料中有关数字、人物身份、人物之间的关系、地点、事情经过等细节，并能根据所听材料做出正确推断。语速为每分钟100-120个词。
听力材料以“日常交际用语简表”和“话题”中的表达法组成的情景对话和短文为主。词汇范围限于“词汇表”中的复用式词汇。
2、说的能力
测试考生在不同场景下参与不同形式交际的口头表达能力。要求考生语音、语调基本正确；能运用“日常交际用语简表”中的表达法进行基本交际；能围绕“话题”中的内容进行初步交流；能借助语言或非语言的交际手段比较准确地表达主要意思；符合英语文化习俗。
以口试和笔试中“情景交流”板块两种形式进行测试，选材范围限于《教学大纲》中“日常交际用语简表”和“话题”所列的表达法。
3、读的能力
测试考生从书面文字材料中获取信息的能力。要求考生能掌握所读材料中的事实，并能根据事实做出正确推断；能正确理解篇章语境中的词汇；能理解所读语篇上下文的逻辑关系；能了解所读材料的主旨和大意；能了解作者的目的、态度和观点。阅读速度为每分钟60－70个词。
阅读理解材料的总阅读量为800词左右，短文4篇。所选材料生词率不超过3%，选文中超出大纲范围且无法猜测而影响到理解的词，用汉语注明词义。阅读材料包括一般性阅读材料和实用性阅读材料，一般性阅读材料包括文化、社会、常识、科普、人物等内容，实用性阅读材料包括信函、请柬、通知、便条、常见告示、个人简历、产品说明书、广告等。
4、译的能力
测试考生英汉互译的能力。要求考生能翻译带有固定词组、习惯表达法、特殊结构的简单句和复合句。译文通顺达意，符合汉语和英语的表达习惯。
所译材料为句子和段落，包括一般性内容和实用性内容，两者分别占40%和60%。一般性内容为涉及18个“话题”的句子和段落；实用性内容从信函、产品说明书、广告、合同等应用文中选取。
5、写的能力
测试考生的书面表达能力。要求考生能正确地套写句子；熟练地模拟套写便笺、短函等常见应用文；能根据提示撰写简单书信、便条和通知等；能填写简单的个人履历表、住宿登记表等英文表格。书写格式、行文及常用词语等无严重错误。
句子套写选用一般性文字材料，主要为结构不太复杂的单句。应用文套写是根据提供的相关信息模仿和套写所给范文。应用文撰写是根据所给中文提示写出相应的应用文。英文表格填写是根据表格列出的规定项目进行正确填写。应用文的种类限于《教学大纲》要求掌握的范围。
三、考试方案
（一）考试形式
考试包括两种形式：笔试和口试。
笔试采用闭卷机考的形式进行。考试时量90分钟，卷面满分680分。口试包括听力测试和口语测试，满分100分，考试方式另定。
（二）试卷结构
1、笔试试卷由四大板块组成，即词汇与结构、情景交流、阅读理解、书面表达。各板块测试内容、题型、百分比、题量及分值如下表所示：
序号 测试项目 测 试 内 容 题 型 权重 题量 分值
I 词汇与结构 A．词汇用法 填空题、选择题 0.10 6 30 60
B．语法结构 选择题 6 30
II 情景交流 交际用语 选择题、填空题、补全题 0.20 20 140
III 阅读理解 短文阅读 选择题、判断题、匹配题、简答题 0.40 30 260

IV
书面表达 A． 翻译题 英译汉、汉译英
0.30 6 120
220
B．单句/应用文 套写题、书写题、填写题 单句 5 100
应用文 1
总计 68+5(1) 680
2、口试由两大板块组成，即听力测试和口语测试。各板块测试内容、题型、题量及分值如下表所示：
内 容 题 型 题量 分值

第一部分
听力 A. 听短对话，选择题 5 10
50
B. 听长对话，选择题 10 20
C. 听短文，选择题、填空题 10 20

第二部分
口语 A. 提问考生本人的基本情况 5 10

50
B. 看图说话、看图回答问题 1 10
C. Mini-presentation 采取话题“三选一”形式 1 10
D.2个考生就指定话题进行讨论 1 20
总 计 29 100
四、 其他
（一）评卷方式
笔试:客观性试题由机器自动阅卷，主观性试题由客户端传输至服务器之后，在机器上人工评阅试卷。
口试阅卷方式另定。
（二）成绩处理
湖南省中等职业学校英语应用能力考试笔试满分为680分，不设及格线，但按分数段设定等级，分别是一级（280分---420分）、二级（421分---560分）、三级（561分以上）。一、二级分别对应《教学大纲》中的基本要求和较高要求，三级对应全国公共英语等级考试的二级水平。
口试采用100分制，60分为合格分，不分级。
（三）证书颁发
考试合格者，由湖南省职业院校职业能力考试委员会分别颁发《湖南省中等职业学校英语应用能力考试证书》和《湖南省中等职业学校英语应用能力考试口试合格证书》。

附录（请登陆湖南省职成教网：www.hnve.com）:
1、词汇
2、话题
3、日常交际用语简表
4、语法项目表
5、样卷

⑨ 中职英语阅读技巧

中职英语阅读技巧

听、说、读、写是英语学习的四项基本技能。其中，阅读能力是测量学生英语水平的一个重要标准。下面是我分享的中职英语阅读技巧，欢迎大家阅读！

一、培养良好的阅读习惯

英语阅读的质量包括两项硬指标:一是阅读的速度;二是理解的准确程度。读慢了,完成不了任务;而理解得不准确等于没读。只有快而准同时具备,才能提高阅读质量。因此平时就务必在这两方面下功夫,养成良好的阅读习惯。

1.快速阅读

大家首先必须走出一个误区:认为读快了就会影响理解,于是对于一篇文章总是细嚼慢咽,又查词典又翻资料,逐词逐句阅读,以便理解。而事实上,读慢了就会导致读了下句忘了上句,结果把文章弄得支离破碎,除了知道最后两句或几个词外,不知文章所云。这样既耽误了阅读速度,又影响了对文章的整体把握和理解,因此,在阅读时,只有尽量快速阅读,才能强化对上下文之间的联系,综合分析文章,抓住文章主脉,融会贯通。

2.整体理解

在阅读过程中,生词、难句是在所难免的。如果一碰到生词、难句就追根刨底,孤立地去思考,甚至还想把它译成汉语才能罢休,其结果不但影响了阅读速度,反而不能弄清其意。因此,应养成从文章的篇章结构入手,越过少量生词、难句所造成的阅读障碍,领会文章的主体思想,理清文章的脉络层次,然后从整体上对词句进行推敲,攻克难关,最后又回到对全文进行归纳总结的良好阅读习惯。使阅读从感性认识进一步升华形成理性认识,从而加快阅读文章的速度,提高对文章理解的正确性。

3.理清线索

这里的线索包括两方面含义:一是上下文之间词的线索(Context clues),一是上下文之间句子的关系(Semantic relationship)。前者有助于我们对单句的理解,后者则有助于理解篇。并在此基础上,找出文章的话题(Topic),从而进一步深化对文章内容的理解和把握。

4. 重视细节

对文章的整体把握与重视细节之间并不相互排斥,相反却可以相辅相成。常见的安排细节的方式如根据时间顺序,空间转移,因果关系,比较对照,示例附加等。这样我们可以从细节安排中大约推测作者的意图,并据此列出提纲(Outline),也就可以自然而然到达对整个文章的总体把握。

二、掌握正确的阅读方法

1.注重猜词法

阅读时有可能遇到一些生词。解决生词问题的根本途径是扩大词汇量。有些学生在阅读时一遇到生词就不知所措,总是求助于词典,结果影响了阅读速度,使阅读量大打折扣,没有达到阅读的目的和效果。事实上,个别词不认识,并不一定影响理解文章表达的主要信息,或是与应答问题关系不大。有的生词的含义也可以从上下文或利用构词法知识大致判断出来。

(1)较偏僻的专业词或难词

这种情况往往能从文章中找到对这词直接或间接的定义,这就为寻找提供了依据。

例: Telecommunication(电信学)means,simply communication from a distance.It may be by cable or radio by the use of electrical or electronic signals.

(2)普通词的一词多义

包括词义原义的衍生、词义的时效色彩和词义的本义转义。对于多义词,仅从词本身往往不易看出答案,这就需要先看懂原文,即所考单词的`上下文,试图挖出这个单词在特定上下文中的“特定含义”,从此“特定含义”中找答案。例:There was a run (挤兑)on the bank.

She had a run(脱线)in her stocking.

(3)根据句中的标点符号猜测词义

标点符号有助于我们猜测词义,因为这些标点符号起着说明或注释的作用,能使我们顺利地完成阅读任务。例如:The disease is not contagious:you can not catch it by touching somebody .句中的contagious是生词,但仔细看冒号之后起注释作用的句子,我们不难猜出该词之意是“接触传染的”。

(4)运用对比法猜测词义

对比法常用的词或词组有:but,while,however,yet,otherwise等,通过使用这些词,我们可以对生词进行对比猜测词义。例如:Kate was thin while her husband was really obese .句中的obese通过while与thin的对比,可以猜测出该词的意思是“胖”。

2.学会体会作者的言外之意

在英文阅读中,比较困难的问题就是读者对作者言外之意的理解了。这就要求读者不仅要看懂文章,而且还要体会出作者隐含在字里行间的思想,如:一些观点,一些情感,一些看法等等。如:The boys prefer apples to orangers如果我们知道:prefer…to的意思,那么我们就很容易选出They like apples better这一答案,知道作者更喜欢吃的是苹果。这只是简单地测试了你对作者言外之意的理解。

3.学会通过“略读”获取文章的主题

在阅读课教学中,笔者发现许多学生面对一篇文章,常常通过逐字、逐句、逐段阅读,来判别文章的主题。这将严重影响学生的阅读速度以及阅读理解能力的提高。因为采取这种读法,学生很容易把精力集中在对字、句、段的分析与理解上,而对文章的主题却缺乏综合分析,辨别不清。正确的读法应该是“略读”。略读是选择性阅读的方法之一,它与正常阅读的区别在于学生不必要把文章的每部分都读完。当面对大量的长短不一的阅读材料时,为了达到快速阅读的目的,只需略读;当学生没有时间、兴趣,甚至不需要读完文章的每部分的时候,最有效的方法也是略读。另一方面,略读对于快速地获取文章的主题,主要内容,形成对主题背景的了解或者满足学生对主题的好奇心等等,也是非常有用的。那么,到底应该怎样去“略读”呢?一般情况下,学生应以正常的速度读完文章的第一段,因为作者对文章的介绍以及所要谈论的总观点一般都包含在第一段里。当然,有时这些内容也可能在第二段中,而第一段只是谈一些能够引起读者注意的东西。读到第三段,学生已没有必要读完全部字句,不过须注意作者的主要思想,它一般位于段首。除了段首的句子,学生还应从本段剩下的句子里获取一些细节,而不是全部。但有时也不排除主要思想位于段落的中间或末尾的可能。这就要求学生具备高度敏锐的判断能力。中间有些段落只是从不同侧面、不同角度论述观点,所以应该略读。阅读中,学生切记要快速,不要担心漏掉了段落的某些部分,更不要养成既读就读完每部分的习惯。也许某些学生已经读了文章的部分段落,但还是不明白主要内容,这是常见的现象。因此,他们也不必着急,应该有足够的信心,通过大量的阅读实践来逐步提高理解能力。通过这样的略读,快速地获取文章的主题是完全可以的。

4. 学会读首尾句,预测文中细节

需要注意的是,在考试或平时测试中,英语文章往往隐去了标题。这固然给抓文章中心带来了困难。然而,英语的写作特点告诉我们:一般情况下,英语文章多是按“总――分――总”这样一个思路写的。因此,研读首、尾句,对快速阅读理解文意具有重要的意义。我们不但由此可以抓住文章的内容,还可以揣测作者的态度、意图,从而进一步猜出作者所要写的细节。这样,对文章的领会就容易多了。

5.注意连接词,揣测作者意图

英语文章中,作者往往先叙述或介绍常人的观点、他人的态度、看法,然后再提出自己的想法或与之不同的观点,即作者本人的意图或事实真相及本文的主旨。两者之间常用but,however,yet,in spite of,though,although,even though,even if等连词,或in fact,on the contrary等短语连接。掌握了这一类文章的阅读方法,就大大加快了阅读速度。同时理解的正确性也就大大提高了。

总而言之,只要我们平时在广泛阅读的过程中,注意养成良好的阅读习惯,熟练地掌握正确的阅读理解方法和技巧,提高英语阅读理解的素质和能力,英语学习一定会成功,考试时也就不再感到困难了。